E56 
.U58 




,4*,^.^. c°*..^>o 



Commemoration of tbe jfourtb Centenary 

OF THE 

Discover? of Hmertca, 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION, MADRID. 



CATALOGUE OF THE ETHNOLOGICAL EXHIBIT FROM THE 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 




WALTER HOUGH, 

Assistant in the Department of Ethnology* 



From the Report of the Madrid Commission, 1892, 



WASHINGTON : 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 



Commemoration of tbe ifourtb Centenary 

OF THE 

2)i0cover? of Hmerica. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION, MADRID. 



CATALOGUE OF THE ETHNOLOGICAL EXHIBIT FROM THE 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



WALTER HOUGH, 

Assistant in the Department of Ethnology* 



From the Report of the Madrid Commission, 1892. 



WASHINGTON : 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1895- 



•list 



CATALOGUE OF THE ETHNOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE SMITHSONIAN 
INSTITUTION. 



By WALTER HOUGH, Assistant in the Department of Ethnology. 



This collection, which relates to the present condition of the Indian 
tribes north of Mexico, is a part of that intended for the Chicago exhi- 
bition, and is displayed here for the first time. 

In accordance with the method of the National Museum, by which 
Dr. Goode and his colleagues propose to unite popular education with 
scientific education, the specimens exhibited are described and 
explained, so far as possible, by means of maps, diagrams, illustrated 
books, photographs, and labels. 

Although in forming this partial collection, under the personal super- 
vision and care of Prof. O. T. Mason, articles of the greatest importance 
from their artistic or unusual character have been selected from the 
collection, their scientific and comparative order has not been changed. 

The series, consisting of more than 5,000 photographs, transparen- 
cies, lithographs, paintings, and engravings from illustrated books, 
represents, as a whole, the various phases of Indian life, and form a 
complete museum of drawings. 

Independently of the large collection of works on this subject by 
American authors here brought together, the publications of the 
Smithsonian Institution and the Bureau of Ethnology form an impor- 
tant library for study. 

The exhibit contains sufficient materials for writing and illustrating 
a work on the aborigines of the northern part of the two great conti- 
nents discovered by Columbus. 

This- collection has also for its object the display of the method of 
study and installation of the Department of Ethnology of the United 
States National Museum. 

All human activities and industries should be regarded as a part, or 
small part, of the system of nature, and should be studied in accord- 
ance with the laws and operations of natural history. Every article 
which is the result of a human action should be studied, first, in the 
1 mode of its manufacture (ontogeny) ; secondly, in its relation to other 

143 



144 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 

products of human action of the same class or similar classes (phylog- 
eny); thirdly, in its historical evolution; fourthly, in its geographical, 
original, and national distribution. 

Visitors are requested to begin the examination of this collection at 
the left corner of the glass cases, and to go on examining from left to 
right, and from the top to the bottom, as if they were reading a book. 

Case I. 

Specimens of arrows from North America. — This collection comprises the kinds used 
by the aborigines of North America. 

By beginning the examination of the specimens contained in this case on the 
left, they may be studied in their order from Labrador (including West Green- 
land) on the east and Alaska on the west, across the continent, to Mexico, above 
the Aztec territory. 

Plate armor. — Composed of three layers of ivory plates 1 inch wide and 6 inches long. 
Every plate contains 6 holes, through which passes a thong made of deer hide, 
which fastens them together. These plates are arranged like scales, in order to 
afford better protection in war against the enemy's missiles. The lower part 
contains 43 plates, and the middle 38. The upper row is composed of 2 sections : 
One of 10 plates, protecting the breast, and the other of 8 plates, protecting the 
upper part of the back. The armor is kept in place by leather straps. 

This armor greatly resembles that formerly used in Japan, which fact has given 
rise to the supposition that the primitive inhabitants or aborigines of Alaska 
had some relations or connection with the Japanese. Length of the armor when 
opened, 3 feet 8 inched. Eskimo of Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska, 1892. 153491. 
Collected by H. R. Thornton. 

Plate armor. — A fragment consisting of 9 iron plates, resembling those of the Japa- 
nese suits of armor, fastened together by three thongs. 

This specimen was found in a marsh on Cape Prince of Wales, near the ivory 
armor (No. 153491) before described. Each plate measures 4| inches in length 
by 1£ inches in width. 1892. 153492. Collected by H. R. Thornton. 

Armor. — Composed of 32 pieces of cedar and other kinds of wood, fastened together 
by a fine cord of sinew and other material. 

The breastplate and backpiece of the armor are separate. A section of 8 small 
pieces protects the throat, and another similiar set of 7 pieces protects the nape 
of the neck. The armor is fastened on the right side by a wide leather strap, 
and on the left by a strap and loop. A button placed on the front of the collar 
probably served to hang the quiver. Length, 21| inches; width, 20 inches. 
Sitka, Alaska. 9243. Collected by Dr. A. H. Hoff, U. S. A. 

Wooden armor. — Composed of 74 pieces of wood of equal length and half an inch in 
diameter. 

These pieces of wood are woven together by strips of leather thongs and cot- 
ton cord, alternating. The strips, both of leather and cotton, pass in front of 
two of the pieces of wood and behind the next two, and repass at the side in 
the same way, but continuing to alternate; that is to say, the Whole forms a 
twining from the top to the bottom and from the right to the left, which inter- 
weaving produces a very good external effect. Length of the wooden pieces, 
23^ inches; width of the leather strips, 2\ inches, and of the cotton strips, 1£ 
inches. Tlinkit Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska, 1881. 49213. Col- 
lected by J. J. McLean. 
Armor. — Made of tanned leather, cut into fringes on both sides, and ornamented 
with blue and red drawings. 

The armor is attached to the body by leather straps. This armor is a good 
protection but is extremely troublesome to the warrior. Hupa Indians (Atha- 
pascan stock). California, 1886. 126908. Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 145 



War club. — The head is an oval stone, fastened to the wooden handle by a strip of 
leather, which also covers the entire handle. 

The leather is covered by a sheet of tin 6 inches longer than the handle, orna- 
mented with beads and a hanging leather strap also embroidered with beads. 
Length, 29 inches; length of the head, 6| inches. Yankton Indians (Siouan 
stock), Yankton Reservation, Dakota. 8382. Collected by Dr. A. B. Campbell, 
U. S. A. 

Club (slung shot). — The head is of stone, and is of the shape of an egg; the handle 
is of wood. The whole club is strongly covered with leather. 

The head hangs at about an inch from the handle, suspended by the same 
leather which covers both. The handle is ornamented with strips embroidered 
with beads, and a plume of horsehair hangs from it. Length, 23 inches; diam- 
eter of the head, 2 inches. Ute Indians (Shoshonean stock), Ute Reservation, 
Colorado, 1891. 153047. Collected by Theo. Moller. 

Scalp with long hair. — Taken from the head of -an Indian. Mounted on a wooden 
hoop covered with red flannel, to which it is fastened by a loop. Length of the 
hair, 27 inches. Sioux Indians. 153950. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Scalp. — Taken from the head of an Indian. Mounted on a wooden hoop. This skin 
has been cut and stretched in order to make the scalp larger. 

The Indian tears the scalp from his conquered victim, seizing him by the hair 
with the left hand, and with a knife cutting a piece of skin as large as the 
palm of the hand. When the scalp is dry he sometimes ornaments it, and he 
preserves it as a trophy of great value. Length of the hair, 25 inches. Sioux 
Indians. 153952. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Scalp. — An oblong piece of skin with black hair. Length, 5f inches. Sioux Indians. 
153954. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Scalp.— Taken from the head of an Indian. Mounted on two hoops covered with red 
flannel, and placed one inside of the other. A cord is tied to the larger hoop. 
Length of the hair, 12 inches. Sioux Indians. 153951. Collected by Mrs. M. 
M. Hazen. 

Horse tail. — Mounted on a wooden hoop, imitating the shape of a human scalp, sus- 
pended by a loop of red flannel. Length, 21 inches. Sioux Indians. 153954. 
Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Case II. 

Specimens of bows from North America. — This collection of bows contains the follow- 
ing specimens, comprising all those known north of the Aztec territory : The 
bow with a backing of sinew cord; the bow made of pieces of bone joined 
together; the bow covered with sinews glued to the back; xhe simple bow made 
of elastic wood. 

Bow with a backing of sinews. — Made of spruce pine, strengthened at short intervals 
with fastenings of sinew. The cord of the bow is of twisted sinew. Length, 
57 inches. Eskimo of the Yukon Delta, Alaska. 43679. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson. 

Mixed bow. — Of bone, in three pieces fastened together by a cord of sinew, and 
strengthened, in addition, by small pieces of bone and a longitudinal cable of 
sinew. Length, 3 feet. Eskimo of King William's Land. 10280. Collected by 
Capt. C. F. Hall. 

Bow covered with sinew. — Made of wood; the back is covered with a strong band of 
sinew, plastered with glue to imitate the bark of a tree. It has curved ends, 
ornamented with small pieces of skins, giving it the appearance of Cupid's bow. 
Length, 38 inches. McCloud River Indians. 76373. Collected by Lorin F. 
Green. 

H. Ex. 100 10 



146 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Bow made of horn. — Made of several pieces of buffalo horn joined, and covered on 
the hack with sinews cemented with glue. Decorated with bands of red flannel, 
fastened with thongs of buckskin, covered at intervals with ornaments of small 
feathers. Length, 3 feet. Sioux Indians (Siouan stock), Missouri River. 154015. 
Deposited by Mrs. Mildred McLean Hazen. 

Boiv covered with sineiv. — Bow of hard wood, with the back covered with sinew 
cemented with glue and strengthened with fastenings of sinew and with a strap 
of buckskin. The cord of the bow is of sinew, fastened to one end by six half 
turns. Length, 42 inches. Ute Indians of Utah (Shoshonean stock). 14886. 
Collected by J. W. Powell. 

Tlain low. — Made of wood, not strengthened, ornamented with paintings on only 
one side of the bow. Sioux Indians (Siouan stock), Missouri River. 8301. 
Gift of the Army Medical Museum. 

Quiver, bow, and arrows. — The cases for the bow and the arrows are separate; they 
are of white sealskin. The bow is of antler, and -is composed of three pieces, 
joined together by clinched rivets of iron, and fastened together in the center 
by a cord of sinew. The arrows have wooden shafts with a broad iron head, 
wide and smooth notches, and two feathers placed in the same plane, the whole 
tied with sinew. Eskimo of Cumberland Gulf. Quiver, 30014; bow, 34055; 
arrows, 90138. Collected by L. Kumlien and Lucien Turner. 

Quiver and bow. — Quiver of seal skin, with the hair outside. It is a plain bag, with- 
out compartments, for the bow and the arrows. The bow is of spruce, strength- 
ened on the back with a cord of sinew. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 
89240. Collected by E. P. Herendeen. 

Quiver, bow, and arroivs. — The cases for the bow and the arrows are of fish skin. The 
bow is of spruce, stresgthened with a cord of sinew ingeniously stretched on 
the back and enveloping the whole bow. The arrows have shafts of spruce, a 
bone head fastened in the groove at the end of the shaft by small strands of 
sinew ; two feathers are fixed in the groove, in the same or in different planes, 
and are fastened to the shaft with sinew. Eskimo of Porcupine River, Alaska, 
1891. 153640. Collected by J. H. Turner. 

Quiver, bow, and arrows. — The cases for the bow and the arrows and the bandoleer 
are of sea-otter skin, lined with red flannel, and embroidered with beads of 
many colors, and have long fringes of sea-otter skin cut in strips. The bow is 
of horn; compound; the pieces of horn are united by sinews, and the whole is 
overlaid on the back by sinew and cement; the grooves are made by wrappings 
at the end of the bow. The cord is of fine twisted sinew. The arrows have 
small shafts, three feathers, and iron heads. Nez Perc6 Indians (Shahaptian 
stock), Idaho. 22287, 29886, 23842. Collected by William H. Danielson and 
J. B. Monteith. 

Bow and quiver. — Quiver of sea-otter skin, lined with flannel, and ornamented with 
beads and with fringes of sea-otter skin. The bow is of pieces of horn, united 
by small deerskin thongs, and is covered on the outer side with raw hide 
cemented with glue. Nez Perce Indians (Shahaptian stock), Idaho. 23843, 
21286. Collected by Rev. G. Ainslee and J. B. Monteith. 

Quiver, bou\ and arrows. — The cases for the bow and the arrows and the bandoleer 
(shoulder belt) are of mountain-lion skin, and are lined with red flannel, partly 
cotton, and ornamented with an embroidery of beads. The bow is of wood, 
plain ; with a string of sinew. The arrows have plain shafts, iron heads, and three 
feathers. Arapahoe Indians (Algonkian stock). 129873. Collected by Lieut. 
H. M. Creel, U. S. A. Given to Lieutenant Creel by Powder Face, the head chief 
of the Southern Arapahoe. 

Quiver, bow, and arrows. — The cases of the bow and the arrows are of oxhide. The 
bag is of leather ; the bow is of hard wood, plain. The arrows have plain shafts 
and three feathers. Comanche Indians (Shoshonean stock), Indian Territory. 
8818, 6964. Gift of the Army Medical Museum. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 147 



Quiver, boic, and arrows. — The cases for the bow aud the arrows are of oxhide. The 
hag is of leather; the how is of hard wood, and is plain. The arrows have 
l>aiuted shafts, an iron head, and three feathers. Tonkawa Indians (Caddoan 
stock), Texas. 8448. Collected by Dr. H. McElderry. 

War shield. — Of leather, covered with deerskin painted yellow, ornamented with 
figures and drawings. Edged with buffalo hide dyed red, and ornamented with 
woodpecker's skins, eagle's feathers, and bands of leather covered with red flan- 
nel. Diameter, 16 inches. Cheyenne Indians (Algonkian stock), Indian Terri- 
tory. 58616. Given by Tich Kamatse. Belonging to Tich Kamatse, a Cheyenne 
warrior, formerly in the service of the Smithsonian Institution. 

War shield. — Made of leather covered with cotton cloth painted yellow and green 
and ornamented with drawings representing an owl. Border of red flannel, orna- 
mented with eagle's feathers. Diameter, 17 inches. Arapahoe Indians (Algon- 
kian stock ), Wyoming, 1879. 127871. Collected by Lieut. H. M. Creel ; obtained 
from Little Ra ven, head chief of the Northern Arapahoes. 

War shield. — Made of hide, with two coverings of deerskin painted on the outside 
with concentric circles in yellow, red, green, white, and blue. Border and tas- 
sels of red flannel, ornamented with eagle's feathers and those of other birds. 
Width, 15 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Indian Territory. 73073. 
Gift from the Army Medical Museum. 

War shield. — Made of hide, of a convex form; as device, it bears a buffalo head and 
rays painted in blue and black. It has around it a festoon of red flannel, to 
which several eagle's feathers are sewed. Diameter, 17 inches. White Mountain 
Apaches (Athapascan stock), New Mexico, 1836. 11319. Collected by Governor 
W. F. M. Amy. 

Case III. 

Pipestem. — Made from an oak sapling; the upper half is wrapped in a beautiful 
braid of quills dyed in various colors. Length. 38 inches. Width, 2| inches. 
Sioux Indians. 154006. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Pipe. — The steni' is of oak, flattened; the upper half is ornamented with a covering 
of braid made of quills, and a horsehair plume. The bowl is made of a small, 
black stone, lined at the stem end with lead. Length of the stem, 37^ inches ; 
width, If inches ; length of the bowl, 2| inches. Sioux Indians. 154004, 154005. 
Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Pipe. — Stem of oak, flattened, ornamented with small tin bangles, tassels of ribbon, 
and dyed horseliaiiyand wrapped in a braid of red and white quills and wood- 
peckers' skins. The bowl is lined at the stem end with lead. Length of the 
stem, 29 inches; width, 1| inches; length of the bowl, 5 inches. Sioux Indians. 
154001. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Pipe. — Stem of oak, flattened; the upper half is ornamented with tassels of dyed 
horsehair and with ribbons, and is covered with woodpeckers' skins and a braid 
of red and yellow quills. Length of the stem, 30 inches; width, If inches; 
length of the bowl, 5 inches. Sioux Indians. 154000. Collected by Mrs. M. M. 
Hazen. 

Pipe. — Oak stem, flattened; the upper part is ornamented with a covering of wood- 
peckers' skins and a braid of red and yellow quills, and tassels of ribbons and 
dyed horsehair. The bowl is of catlinite, and has a small hole in it. It has a 
carved border at the point of union with the stem. Length of the stem, 28 
inches; width, 1\ inches; length of the bowl, 5 inches. Sioux Indians. 154002. 
Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Pipeholders (4). — Long bags of buckskin and flannel, embroidered with beads and 
feathers. Sioux Indians. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Pipes. — Made in imitation of a mouthpiece. These imperfect pipes are made of the 
tibia of a deer. The part near the ends is wrapped in hide with the hair on. 
Length, 6J and 7| inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), KioAva Reservation, 
Indian Territory, 1891. 152940. Collected by James Mooney. 



148 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Pipe of stone. — Obtained by the Kiowas from some northern tribe ; it is about half a 
century old. Length, 13 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reserva- 
tion, Indian Territory, 1891. 152941. Collected by James Mooney. 

Pipe. — Bowl of catlinite ; the stem is a wooden cylinder. Obtained from the Kiowa 
traders. Length, 25^ inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Agency, 
Indian Territory, 1891. 152942. Collected by James Mooney. 

Tomahawk pipe. — Stem of hard wood; head of iron; blade triangular; the bowl is of : 
the shape of a spindle, with raised edges. Length of the head, 8 inches; of the 
stem, 17^ inches. Ponca Indians (Siouan stock), Ponca Agency, Indian Ter- 
ritory, 1891. 152805. Collected by James Mooney. 

This "tomahawk" pipe was obtained by R. R. H. Voth from an old Ponca 
Indian named Hairy Bear, who claims for himself the glory of having killed 
two whites with this pipe. This weapon is very old; it was used by Hairy 
Bear's grandfather. 

Tomahawk pipe. — Stem of hard wood, head the shape of a spear, with ornaments 
around the stem. This tomahawk is of Mexican origin. The Kiowas claim 
that this spear-shaped specimen is the true Kiowa type. Length of the stem, 
20 inches; of the head, 6f inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa 
Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 153013. Collected by James Mooney. 

Tomahawk pipe. — Without a stem ; iron head; the blade is triangular; the hole is 
elliptical; the bowl has somewhat of the shape of a spindle, with a raised bor- 
der, and a carving around the center. Length of the head, 7-£ inches. Kiowa 
Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152894. 
Collected by James Mooney. 

This iron tomahawk was purchased. These weapons in the shape of a hatchet 
are of English origin; those in the shape of a spear are Mexican. This speci- 
men is half a century old, and many men have been killed with it. 

Pipe. — The bowl is of stone, and is joined to the stem by straps of rawhide. The 
receptacle for the tobacco is very small. The thick stem is made of two sections 
forming a tube united by rawhide. Length of the stem, 7-£ inches; height of 
the bowl, 1£ inches. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 59290. Collected by 
Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

Pipe. — The bowl is of horn, and is joined to the stem by rawhide straps. The recep- 
tacle for the tobacco is very small, and is lined with tin. The stem is curved, 
and is formed of two sections hollowed out and united by rawhide strips. I 
Length of the stem, 13 inches; height of the bowl, 1£ inches. Eskimo of Cape 
Lisburne, Alaska. 46021. Collected by Dr. T. H. Bean. 

Pipe. — The bowl is of bone, joined to the stem by rawhide straps. The receptacle 
for the tobacco is very small, and is lined with tin. The stem is slightly curved, 
and is made of two sections of wood united by hide. Length of the stem, 13£ 1 
inches ; height of the bowl, 1\ inches. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 89287. 
Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

Pipe. — The bowl is of whalebone, and is driven far into the stem ; it is small, and is 
lined with tin. The stem is curved, and is made of two sections of wood united 
by rawhide straps. The mouthpiece is of ivory, joined to the stem by a tin band. 
A small iron wire, which is fastened to the pipe, serves to clean it. Length of 
the stem, 13 inches. Eskimo of Point Hope, Alaska. 63785. Collected by E. 
W. Nelson. 

Pipe. — The bowl is of iron; it was once joined to the stem by hide, but this was 
broken and was replaced by a white ribbon. The receptacle of the bowl is very 
small. The stem is curved, and is made of two grooved pieces of wood united \ 
with rawhide. The mouthpiece is of ivory. Length of the stem, llf inches ; 
height of the bowl, 1| inches. Eskimo of Cape Lisburne, Alaska. 46020. Col- 
lected by Dr. T. H. Bean. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



149 



Spoon. — Made of whalebone; it is long and flat, and is cut in the shape of a spatula. 
Ornamented with totemic carvings. Length, 14 : £ inches ; width, 2 inches. Sitka 
Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska. 8944. Collected by Dr. A. H. Hoff, 
U. S. A. 

Spoon. — Made of wood. The lower part of the handle is cut to represent the head 
of some animal, holding the bowl of the spoon in its teeth. Length, 11 inches; 
width, 2f inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska. 75438. Col- 
lected by J. J. McLean. 

Spoon for berries. — Made of wood; the outside is ornamented with totemic engrav- 
ings. It has'nearlythe shape of a spatula. Length, 14^ inches ; width, If inches. 
Kake Indians (Koluschan stock), Kuin Island, Alaska. 20823. Collected by 
James G. Swan. 

Spoon for berries.— Made of wood; it is long and flat, and is nearly of the shape of 
a spatula ; it is ornamented with totemic drawings. Length, 15| inches ; width, 
1| inches. Tsimshian Indians (Tsimshian stock), British Columbia. 16256. 
Collected by Dr. W. H. Dall. 

Most of the household utensilSjOf the Indians of the northwest coast are orna- 
mented with engraved or carved designs. 

Goafs horn. — Horn for making spoons. The bowl of the spoon is made of the wide 
part of the horn, to which, after it has 'been split for some inches on one side, 
the desired shape is given by means of steam, with a wooden mold. The handle 
is made of the long part of the horn, usually ornamented with totemic or mytho- 
logical carvings. The bowl and the handle are often made in two pieces. 
Length, 7£ inches; width, If inches. Alaska. 16809. Collected by Dr. W. H. 
Dall. 

Spoon. — Made of goat's horn. The bowl and the handle are united by copper rivets. 

There are totemic carvings on the handle. Length, 8| inches; width, 2£ inches. 

Alaska Indians. 23400. Collected by James G. Swan. 
Spoon. — Made of goat's horn. The handle is ornamented with totemic carvings. The 

bowl and the handle are united with rivets. Length, 12 inches ; width, 2f inches. 

Massett Indians (Skittagetan stock), British Columbia. 88706. Collected by 

James G. Swan. 

Spoon. — Made of goat's horn. There are totemic carvings on the handle. The handle 
and the bowl are united. Length, 9-^ inches; width, 2f inches. Tsimshian 
Indians (Tsimshian stock), Porcher Island, British Columbia. 20616. Collected 
by James G. Swan. 

Spoon. — Bowl of sheep's horn; handle of goat's horn, ornamented with engraved 
totemic figures. 

The bowl is made in a wooden mold, by means of steam. The handle is joined 
to the bowl with copper rivets. Length, 12| inches ; width, 3| inches. Skide- 
gate Indians (Skittagetan stock), British Columbia. 89173. Collected by James 
G. Swan. 

This class of spoons are preserved in families as heirlooms, and are conse- 
quently held in high esteem. 
Spoon. — Made of goat's horn. The handle is ornamented with totemic carving. The 
bowl and the handle are united'with copper rivets. Length, 9| inches ; width, 
2£ inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska. 75430. Collected 
by J. J. McLean. 

Spoon. — Bowl of sheep's horn. The handle is of goat's horn, ornamented with carved 
totemic figures. The bowl is made in a wooden mold, by means of steam. The 
handle and the bowl are united by copper rivets. Length, 11 inches ; width, 2f 
inches. Alaska Indians. 23408. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Spoon. — Made of goat's horn. Handle ornamented with carved totemic figures. 
The bowl and the handle of many of this class of spoons are of a single piece. 
Length, 7| inches; width, 2\ inches. Alaska Indians. 9278. Collected by Dr. 
A. H. Hoff, U. S. A. 



150 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Alaskan sj)oons. — Made of a mixture of wild sheep's horn and goat's horn, retaining 
their own shape, and magnificently ornamented with carved mythological devices 
of the tribes of the Koluschan stock. Sitka, Alaska. 20843, 20749, 20748, 20747, 
23432, 23431, 23431, 16257. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Spoon. — Made of white ox horn. Large circular bowl, with a handle about an inch 
long. It has a buckskin loop ornamented with work in quills of different colors ; 
the handle is strengthened with small rings of tin plate. Diameter of the bowl, 
5£ inches. Sioux Indians. 131337 (a). Collected by Mrs. A. C. Jackson. 

This class of spoons is made for trade, as the Sioux do not use them in their 
homes. 

Spoon. — Made of white ox horn. The bowl is of a semi-oval form. The handle is 
covered with strings of beads. Length, 11 inches ; width of the bowl, 3-g- inches. 
Sioux Indians. 131337 (b). Collected by Mrs. A. C. Jackson. 

Spoon. — Made of white ox horn. The bowl is of a semi -oval form ; the handle is very 
slender, and is surrounded by dyed braids of quill and with little rings of 
tin plate, with yellow feathers. It has a carved bird's head at the end of the 
haudle. Length, 11 inches; width of the bowl, 3£ inches. Sioux Indians. 
131337 (c). Collected by Mrs. A. C. Jackson. 

Bowl. — Made of black ox horn. Large, circular bowl; the handle is very slender, 
and is surrounded by dyed braids of quill. It has a bird's hea l carved on the 
end of the handle. Length, 9£ inches; width of the bowl, 4f inches. Sioux 
Indians. 131337 (d). Collected by Mrs. A. C. Jackson. 

This kind of spoon is made by boiling the horn to make it flexible; in this 
state the desired shape is given to it, and it is held in position until it is 
entirely cold. 

Spoon. — Made of white ox horn. The bowl is shallow and the handle is slender, with 
bead ornaments and rings of tin plate covered with braids of dyed strips of 
quill. It has the head of a bird carved on the end of the handle. Length, 9£ 
inches; width of the bowl, 3^ inches. Sioux Indians. 131337(e). Collected by 
Mrs. A. C. Jackson. 

This kind of spoon is made for trade; the Sioux dp not use them in their 
homes. 

Spoon. — Made of white ox horn. The bowl is deep and the handle is slender, sur- 
rounded by dyed braids of quill. The head of an elk is carved on the end of the 
handle. Length, 9£ inches; width of the bowl, 3 inches. Sioux Indians. 
131337 (f). Collected by Mrs. A. C. Jackson. 

Buckets (3).— Made of decorated hide. Used for holding berries, sugar, pounded meat, 
etc. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152996. Collected by James Mooney. 

Pestles (3). — Made of walrus tusk. Used for pounding berries with dried meat, in order 
to season it. Length, 14, 15, 16 inches; width, 2, 2^, and 2£ inches. Eskimo of 
Bristol Bay, Alaska. 55919. Collected by Charles L. McKay. 

Pestle. — Made of walrus tusk. Used.for pounding berries with meat, in order to sea- 
son it. Length, 11£ inches; diameter, 2 inches. Eskimo of Kassianamute, 
Alaska. 127422. Collected by I. Applegate. 

Ladle.— Made of buffalo bone painted red. The bowl is very deep. Length, 9 inches. 
Kiqjwa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152994. Collected by James Mooney. 

Ladle. — Made of wood. The bowl is of the shape of an egg. Length, 15 inches. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152993. Collected by James Mooney. 

Bowls. — Made of a tree knot. The Kiowas do not manufacture pottery or baskets. 
Diameter 5 to 7 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock) Kiowa Reservation, 
Indian Territory, 1891. 152995. Collected by James Mooney. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 151 



Bucket. — Cylindrical birch bark. Sewed with the root of the spnico pine. Length, 
13 inches; diameter, 4£ iuches. Athapascan Indians, Hudson Bay, British 
America. 10924. Collected by J. Lockhart. 

Pail. — Made of birch bark, sewed with fine root of spruce pine. It is used for 
holding berries, etc. Length, 6 inches; width, 4 inches. Indians of Ungava, 
Labrador. 90086. Collected by Lucian M. Turner. 

Pail. — Made of birch bark, sewed at the border with pine root, under which are 
attached small pieces of black cloth, at intervals of about 2 inches. It has 
engraved designs on the inside. Length, 7 inches; width, 5^ inches; height. 3 
inches. Tinne Indians (Athapascan stock), Upper Yukon River, Alaska, 1891. 

153390. Collected by I. C. Russell. 

Pail. — Made of birch bark, folded at each end, and strengthened by boards. Very 
rough work. Length, 7 inches; width, 5 inches; height, 2| inches. Tinne" 
Indians (Athapascan stock), Charleys Town, Upper Yukon River, Alaska, 1891. 

153391. Collected by I. C. Russell. 

Pail. — Made of birch bark, with the edge sewn with spruce-pine root, and died 
pieces of quill. It is used for holding berries, etc. Length, 11£ inches; width, 
9i inches. Tsimshian Indians (Tsimshian stock), Fort Simpson, British Colum- 
bia. 2546. Collected by W. L. Hardesty. 

Saddlebag. — Made of buckskin, lined with red flannel, embroidered with beads, and 
with a fringe of buckskin. Length, 46 inches; width 11 inches. Sioux Indians, 
1868. 129875. Collected by Lieut. H. M. Creel, U. S. A. 
This specimen was the property of Sitting Bull. 

Tobacco pouch. — Made of buckskin, ornamented with red flannel, embroidered with 
beads. Length, 15 inches; width, 7 inches. Bannock Indians (Shoshonean 
stock), Fort Hall Reservation, Idaho. 22282. Collected by Wiliiam H. Danilson. 

Tobacco holder. — Made of buckskin, ornamented with bead work, rings of tin plate, 
and a buckskin fringe. Length, 16 inches; width 5£ inches. Ute Indians (Sho- 
shonean stock), Colorado. 8353. Collected by Dr. A. B. Campbell, U. S. A. 

Pipe case. — It is of an oblong shape, made of hide. It has a cotton ribbon sewed on 
the edge. Length, lOf inches; width, 2\ inches. Hupa Indians (Athapascan 
stock), Hupa Valley, California. 131157 (d). Collected by Jeremiah Curtin. 

Pipe. — In the shape of a cigar holder. The bowl is of soft stone, and the stem is of 
wood. Length, 5f inches. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), Hupa Valley, 
California. 131157 (b). Collected by Jeremiah Curtin. 

Pipe. — Bowl long, tubular, of carved soapstone. The stem is of wood, and is short 
in proportion to the mouthpiece. Length, 81 inches. Hupa Indians (Atha- 
pascan stock), Hupa Valley, California. 131157 (c). Collected by Jeremiah 
Curtin. 

Pipe. — Made of soapstone, resembling a pipe bowl; it may be used without a stem. 
Length, 1£ inches; diameter, L} inches. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), 
Hupa Valley, California. 131157 (a). Collected by Jeremiah Curtin. 

Purses and coins. — The purse is of elk horn, and is ornamented with zigzag design 
engraved on the outside. It has a buckskin band around it to prevent the 
coins from falling out. The coins are of dentalium or tooth shell, bordered 
with dyed skin. These coins vary in value according to the length of the shell, 
and are worth from 1 shilling to $5 apiece. Length of the purse, 5£ inches. 
Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), Hupa Valley, California. 131159. Collected 
by Jeremiah Curtin. 

Spoon.— A long shell, darkened, polished, and worn by long use. Only women use 
this sort of spoon. Length, 6 inches. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), Hupa 
Valley, California. 131163. Collected by Jeremiah Curtin. 

Spoon. — Made of horn. Carved handle. Only men use this kind of spoon. Length, 
6| inches. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), Hupa Valley, California. 131145. 
Collected by Jeremiah Curtin. 



152 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 

Parflesche case ^Havresac). — Long oblong case of hide, used as a valise. Ornamented 
with drawings painted in bright colors. "Parflesche" is the name given to 
these valises by the French, because they saw that the Indians kept meat in 
them. Length when folded, 30 inches ; width when folded, 16 inches ; Ute Indians 
(Shoshonean stock), Utah. 17196. Collected by Maj, J. W. Powell. 

Louse crusher. — It consists of a piece of wood in the shape of a spatula and another 
section of a round bone. The spatula is forcibly introduced into the hair, and 
the bone keeps near the point, so that, between the two, the vermin are crushed. 
Length of wooden piece, 9 inches; of the bone, 3 inches. Hupa Indians (Atha- 
pascan stock), Hupa Valley, California. 131153. Collected by Jeremiah Curtin. 

Case IV. 

Weaving. — Four looms (of the kind now in use) of the Zuni and Pima Indians, of the 
southwest of the United States, and of the Talamanca Indians, of Costa Rica, 
displaying the materials, apparatus, utensils, mode of work, and productions of 
the Indian weavers. In addition, photographs, water-colors, drawings, and 
diagrams. Collected by James Stevenson, Edward Palmer, and Dr. W. H. Gabb. 

Case V. 

Ice brush. — Made of whalebone ; lashed to a wooden handle, terminating at the oppo- 
site with a point of deer's horn. It is used for clearing away the snow and 
ice from the breathing holes of the seal. Length, 29 inches; width, 1£ inches. 
Eskimo of King's Island, Alaska. 63606. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Ice creepers. — Cut out of bone. Fastened to the feet by hide straps. Length, 3£ 
inches; width, 1^ inches. Chukchis of Plover Bay, Siberia. 46261. Collected 
by W. M. Noyes. 

Ice scoop. — A whalebone hoop, a whalebone net and a cord of sinew, interlaced; 
wooden handle; fastenings of whalebone and hide. It is used for removing the 
ice from the holes to which the seals come to breathe. Eskimo of St. Lawrence 
Island, Alaska. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Icepick. — Made of ivory of walrus tusk, and used with the barbed harpoon. It is 
used to break the ice in order to enlarge the hole to which the seal which has 
been once wounded comes to breathe, in order that the hunter may pull the 
animal out with ease. Length, 13 inches; thickness, 1 inch. Eskimo of Cape 
Nome, Alaska. 44404. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Snow staff. — Ring of antler, with hide netting; ivory point through the center. This 
ring, on the principle of the snow shoe, is fixed on the end of a long staff, and 
serves, like those used in the Alps, to enable the traveler to steady himself when 
walking on the ice or snow. Diameter, 3| inches. Eskimo of Port Clarence, 
Alaska. 46297. Collected by W. H. Dall. 

Seal probe. — Made of walrus tusk. It is used to find out whether the seal is in the 
breathing hole. Length, 20 inches. Eskimo of King William's Land. 10388. 
Collected by Capt. C. F. Hall. 

Harpoon (model). — Wooden shaft; an ivory barb, strengthened with wooden pegs; 
an ivory ice pick lashed to the lower end with fastenings of thin hide. Length, 
11 inches. Eskimo of Port Clarence, Alaska. 46326. Collected by T. H. Bean. 

Knife. — Handle of ivory of walrus tusk. Short blade of iron, set into the handle. 
Length, 11^ inches; width, L} inches. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 89282. 
Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

Knife. — Wooden handle. Long iron blade inserted into the handle, and secured by 
fastenings of hide. This knife is very much like those used by blacksmiths. A 
strap hangs from the end of the handle. Length, 10 inches ; width of the blade, 
i inch. Eskimo of Ungava Bay, Labrador. 90211. Collected by Lucien M. 
Turner. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID 153 



Knife. — Handle of deer's horn, with three cavities for the fingers. A short iron hlade 

inserted in the handle. Length, £ inch; width, £ inch. Eskimo of Anderson 

River, Canada. 2278. Collected by R. McFarlane. 
Knife. — Deer-horn handle. Short hlade of iron, inserted into the handle. Length, 2 

inches; width, £ inch. Eskimo of Anderson River, Canada. Collected by R. 

McFarlane. 

Knife. — Handle of carved deer horn. Short iron blade, secured to the handle. 

Length, 5 inches ; width, £ inch. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 56554. Col- 
lected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 
Knife. — Deer-horn handle. The whole blade is of iron, and is inserted into the 

handle, and secured with lashing of seal hide. Length, 5-£ inches ; width, 1 inch. 

Eskimo of Ikogmut, Alaska. 37440. Collected by E. W.Nelson. 
Knife and sheath. — Long and curved; handle of ivory of walrus tusk. Iron blade 

fastened by rivets to the handle. Sheath of tanned hide. Length, 17£ inches; 

Avidth, If inches. Indians of Prince of Wales Island, B. C. 20831. Collected 

by James G. Swan. 

Knife. — Handle of ivory of walrus tusk, with fastenings of spruce-pine root at the 
end, which is secured to the blade, which is of iron, and is short. Length, 7£ 
inches; width, 1 inch. Eskimo of Anderson River, Canada. 1309. Collected 
by C. P. Gaudet. 

Knife. — Handle of ivory of walrus tusk, strengthened with fastenings of spruce-pine 
root. Very short iron blade set into the handle. Length, 5 inches; width, £ 
inch. Eskimo of Anderson River, Canada. 2281, Collected by R. McFarlane. 

Knife. — Deer-horn handle. Short iron blade set into the handle. Length, 1\ inches ; 
width, i inch. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 89276. Collected by Lieut. 
P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

Knife. — Handle of two pieces of ivory of walrus tusk. Short iron blade inserted 
into the handle, and secured by hide fastenings. Length, 4^ inches ; width, £ 
inch. Eskimo of Cape Darby, Alaska. 48087. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Knife. — Handle of curved wood, with a curved iron blade inserted into it. A small 
piece of wood hangs from the blade, fastened by a strip of tanned hide. Length, 
6J inches. Indians of Ungava Bay, Labrador. 89966. Collected by Lucien M. 
Turner. 

Utensils and implements of arrow makers. — Consisting of rough shafts for arrows, 
straightener, saw, polisher, brush, pumice stone, pieces of flint, chisel for 
knapping flint, flint flaker, cord of sinew, prepared sinew, rosin, glue stick, 
feathers for arrows, ground paints, salmon skin, and arrowhead, showing the 
mode of attaching it to the reed, and the arrow complete. Indians of McCloud 
River, California. Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A., and Loren A. Green. 

Polisher. — Two pieces of stone, with grooves through which the shafts of the arrows 
are drawn to polish them. Length, 4| inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 
Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152983. Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Saw Tcnife. — Table knife, notched like a saw. It is used for making the notches in 

the shafts of the arrows and for all kinds of cutting. Length, 9f inches. 

Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 

152985. Collected by James Mooney. 
Sharpener. — Smooth stone, used for sharpening knives. Length, 4 inches. Kiqwa 

Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152986. 

Collected by James Mooney. 
Groover. — Point of a butcher's knife, notched, for making grooves along the shafts 

of the arrows. The object of these grooves is not known. Length, 2£ inches. 

Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 

152984. Collected by James Mooney. 



154 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 

Straightener (6). — A piece of rib bone, with a hole through it, It is used for straight- 
ening the shafts of the arrows. Length, 7f inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan 
stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152981. Collected by- 
James Mooney. 

Easps. — Made of tin plate, folded and punched like lemon graters. They are used 
for removing the bark and roughening the shafts of the arrows. Length, 4£ 
inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 
1891. 152982. Collected by James Mooney. 

Primitive shuttle. — White yarn wound on a long stick. Ifc is used for weaving 
blankets. Length of the stick, 20 inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), 
Arizona, 1885. 128475 (b). Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Woolen yarn, red. — Wound on a long stick. It is used as a shuttle in weaving 
blankets. Length of the stick, 21£ inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), 
Arizona, 1885. 128475 (a). Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Model of a loom. — With a specimen of a blanket, striped red and green, in process of 
manufacture. Length, 22^ inches; width, 14| inches. Navajo Indians (Atha- 
pascan stock), New Mexico. 10359. Collected by Governor W. F. M. Arny. 

Model of a loom. — In operation, to show the system or mode of weaving. Clear and 
brilliant colors. Navajo Indians (Athapascan stock), Arizona. 16494. Col- 
lected by Governor W. F. M. Arny. 

Weaving yoke (0 pis ta oee turn). — Curved wooden yoke, with a groove at either end. 
The weaver carries it across his back, and it forms a part of the appendages 
used for changing the threads of the warp. Length, 17 inches ; width, If inches. 
Zuni Indians (Zuilian stock), New Mexico, 1884. 127681 (d). Collected by 
Col. James Stevenson. 

Weft sword. — Made of oak. It is used for beating down the weft in making blank- 
ets. Length, 15 inches. Navajo Indians (Athapascan stock), Navajo Reserva- 
tion, Arizona. 150449. Collected by Dr. Washington Matthews. 

Beater (Sooqua). — A slender wooden rod, which serves to beat the weft in weaving 
blankets, etc. Length, 23U nches; width, -J inch. Moki Indians (Shoshonean 
stock), Pueblos, Arizona. 41692. Collected by F. H. Cushing. 

Yoke. — Wooden yoke used by the weaver. It forms part of the implements used to 
keep the threads tight in the delicate weaving, etc. Length, 10^ inches ; width, 
finch, Zuni Indians (Zunian stock), New Mexico. 129068 (a). Collected by 
Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Spindles, with wool. — A polished wooden rod, sharp at both ends, and inserted into a 
disk, usually of wood, but someiimes of stone or horn, to give a violent rotary 
motion to the spindle. Length, 21 inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), 
Arizona. Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Roller (Ka o po ni no). — A piece of wood cut in the shape of a cylinder, on which 
the belts are rolled during the manufacture of the cloth. Length, 7f inches; 
diameter, 2| inches. Zuni Indians (Zunian stock), New Mexico. 127681 (c). 
Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 

Comb (Sa weech). — An oblong piece of wood, with teeth cut at the ends. It is used 
for keeping the weft tight in weaving belts. Length, 9 inches; width, If inches. 
Zuni Indians (Zunian stock), New Mexico. 127681 (b). Collected by Col. James 
Stevenson. 

Tw\ster. — A piece of hard wood, in one of the ends of which there is a hole through 
which is passed a small rod, which serves as a handle. It is used for making 
very thick cord. One end of the thread which is to be twisted is tixed in a post 
or hook and the other in the twister, just below the handle. The operator then 
turns the twister by means of the handle, and the thread is twisted strongly 
and rapidly. Length, 10 inches; width, 2 inches. Zuni Indians (Zunian stock), 
New Mexico. 69308. Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 155 



Reed. — Composed of many little reeds, or small pieces of cut reed, tied at one end, 
in an upright position, side by side, between parallel rods midway; each reed 
has a hole burned through it. It is used in weaving to open the warp alternately 
and to permit the passage of the shuttle. Zuni Indians (Zunian stock), New 
Mexico. 127688, 69657, 69696. Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 

Belt. — Placed in the loom to show the mode of work. Texture of white, red, and 
green wool, forming geometrical figures. The Zuni and Moki Indians are cele- 
brated for their skill in making and weaving belts. Zuni Indians (Zunian 
stock), New Mexico. 129209. Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Fat scraper. — Made of ivory of walrus tusk. It has a cavity very ingeniously cut in 
it and a hole in which to insert and hold the thumb. It is sharpened on only one 
side. This implement is used only with the right hand ; the operator scrapes the 
green hide with it to remove the fat. Length, 8 inches; width of the blade, L} 
inches. Eskimo of Togiak River, Alaska. 127508. Collected by I. Applegate. 

Fat scraper. — Ingeniously made of a thin strip of the outside of a stag's antler, wide 
in the center and narrow at the ends. This strip is curved in the form of a 
truncated cone, cut at one end in the form of a bow which locks at the other 
end into a triangular opening like a barrel hoop. This implement is made 
when the horn is soft. This pattern is used only at Bristol Bay. Diameter, 3 
inches. Eskimo of Bristol Bay, Alaska. 55911. Collected by C. L. McKay. 

Hide scraper. — Made of ivory of walrus tusk. The cavities for the forefingers and 
thumb are shallow and extend nearly to the flint blade. The cut at the bottom 
is very deep. Length, 4f inches. Eskimo of Point Hope, Alaska. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Hide scraper. — The handle is of hard wood. The cavity for the thumb is deep and 
long, and in it there is a projection of the shape of an ear. A cavity gives it 
the appearance of a skull, and ends an inch behind the stone blade. The tail- 
piece is cut in the shape of a bell. The shape of this implement is entirely 
original, and gives reason to think that it was made to suit the hand of the 
operator. Length, 5^ inches. Eskimo of Point Hope, Alaska. 63849. Col- 
lected byE. W. Nelson. 

Hide scraper. — The handle is of wood, and has a shallow mortise cut in one of its ends. 
The blade is a narrow hatchet of schist lashed to the handle by a fastening of 
spruce-pine root. Length, 16 inches; width of the blade, 1£ inches. Eskimo of 
Nunivak Island, Alaska. 43886. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Hide scraper. — The handle is of wood. The blade is a smooth hatchet of slate, care- 
fully inserted in the lower part of the handle. It has a cavity for the thumb. 
The cavity for the forefinger is on top, and those for the other three fingers 
underneath. The palm of the hand rests on the end. Length, llf inches ; width 
of the blade, 2f inches. Eskimo of Norton Bay, Alaska. 43927. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Graining tool. — The handle is the shoulder blade of an ox. A toothed iron blade is 
attached to the handle by a hide strap. Length, 12 inches; width of the blade, 
If inches. Indians of Ungava Bay, Labrador. 89924. Collected by Lucien M. 
Turner. 

Fat scraper. — Made of a thin strip of buck horn, bent in the shape of a hoop, with the 
ends interlaced, but not fastened. The ends are tied with three turns of a hide 
strap around the outside. This is the only specimen in existence. Diameter, 3| 
inches. Eskimo of Nakneek, Alaska. 127792. Collected by William J. Fisher. 

Fat scraper. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. The lower part is cut m the shape of a 
preserving ladle. The handle consists of two prongs, the extremities of which 
are carved to represent two bear's heads. Length, 4 inches; width, 2| inches. 
Eskimo of Putnam River, Alaska. 127896. Collected by Lieut. George M. 
Stoney, U. S. N. 



156 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Fat scraper. — Made of a narrow and thin strip of buck horn twisted in the shape of a 
horseshoe, and kept in that shape by a hide strap passing and repassing through 
two holes made in the ends, and covered by a pretty coil. The loop is counter- j 
sunk at the ends. The inside edge of the strip of buck horn is beveled in order j 
to present the outer hard part for work. Diameter, 3| inches. Eskimo of Sledge 
Island, Alaska. 44771. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Hide scraper. — The handle is of walrus-tusk ivory, and is slightly bowed in the mid- 
dle, with a tailpiece roughly cut on the end. It has two cavities for the fingers 
made abov6 the flint blade. The lower cavity is very deep. Length, 4 inches. 
Eskimo of Putnam River, Alaska. 127886 (a). Collected by Lieut. G. M. Stoney, 
U.S.N. 

Hide scraper. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. Above the deep cavity for the thumb it 
has a protuberance carved in the shape of an ear. The cavities for the fingers 
are very deep, and extend nearly to the flint blade. It has a groove deeply cut 
on each .side. Length, 3| inches- Eskimo of Point Hope, Alaska. 63851. Col- 
lected by E. W. Nelson. 

Graining tool. — The handle is the shoulder blade of an ox. On the upper part of the 
bone the edge is toothed. It is used for softening deerskin in tanning it. 
Length, 13 inches. Indians of Ungava, Labrador. 90246. Collected by Lucien 
M. Turner. 

Beaming tool. — Made of the tibia of a reindeer. The bone has been split in order to 
obtain the wide part of the rear portion to serve as a support and the middle 
part of the front as a scraping edge. The natural shape of the bone is admi- 
rably adapted to this operation. This implement is used for scraping the deer- 
skin in tanning it. Length, 13 inches. Indians of Ungava, Labrador. 89928. 
Collected by Lucien M. Turner. 

Woman's knife.— Ivon blade and bone handle. Its shape is like that of a saddler's 
knife. Length, 5 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, 
Indian Territory, 1891. 152976 (a). Collected by James Mooney. 

Woman's knife. — Made of copper, with the upper edge doubled to serve as a handle. 
Its shape resembles that of a saddler's knife. Length, 7 inches. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152976 (b). Col- 
lected by James Mooney. 

Grainer for tanning skins. — Made of a thin sheet of iron. The upper part is inserted 
in a carved handle. The blade is toothed. Length, 4£ inches and 7£ inches. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152976 (c). Collected by James Mooney. 

Grainer for tanning skins. — Made of an iron rod. The handle is covered with cloth. 
The lower edge is toothed. Length, 14^ inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 
Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152874 (d). Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Grainer for tanning skins. — Made of a piece of an old gun barrel. The lower end is 
flattened and toothed. Length, 13^ inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 
Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152974 (c). Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Hide scraper. — The blade is a strip of steel; the handle is of hard wood, and is cut 
in the shape of a hoe, with a handle at the end, covered with tin tacks. The 
blade is fastened with hide. Length, 12 inches. Wichita Indians (Caddoan 
stock), Wichita Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152971. Collected by 
James Mooney. 

Hide scraper. — The handle is of hard wood, cut in the shape of a hoe. The blade is 
of steel, and is attached to the handle by buckskin straps. Length, 12-£ inches. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152970 (b). Collected by James Mooney. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 157 

Hide scrapers (3). — Made of flat circular stones, not polished. One is of sandstone, 
and the others are of dark chert. Length, 4£, 5£, and 6 inches. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock) Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152969. Collected 
hy James Mooney. 

Grainer, wiih sharpener. — The grainer is made of an entire bone of the leg of a cow, 
and has a toothed edge. The sharpener is a piece of rib bone. Length, 15 inches 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152972. Collected *by James Mooney. 

Grainer for tanning skins. — Made of a concave strip of iron. The handle is covered 
with canvas. The lower edge is toothed. Length, 15 inches. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152974 (b). Col- 
lected by James Mooney. 

Hide scrapers (3). — The handle is of deer's antler, and is of the shape of a hoe, to 
which a steel blade is fastened by buckskin straps. Length, 11£ inches. Kiowa 
Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152970 (a). 
Collected by James Mooney. 

Hide scraper. — Bone of the rib of a cow, which the tanner uses for stripping the hair 
from the hides, after moistening them slightly. Length, 15£ inches. Kiowa 
Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152975. 
Collected by James Mooney. 

Grainer for tanning skins. — Made of bone from a cow' sleg, split and toothed on the 
lower edge. A piece of wood is inserted in the concave part, and the whole is 
covered with hide. A thin strap is fixed on the end of this covering to fasten 
the implement to the operator's wrist, in order to enable him to work steadily. 
Length, 10 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 
Territory, 1891. 152973. Collected by James Mooney. 

Hope for tanning skins. — Made of a rawhide strap, cut in two and twisted. Length, 

3 feet. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 
1891. 152979. Collected by James Mooney. 

Braided rope. — Made of buffalo sinew. Four-ply braid. It is used for tanning skins. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152980. Collected by James Mooney. 

Pick for breaking ice. — Made of whale- rib bone, attached to a wooden handle by a 
strip of hide which is wrapped around the handle. Its shape is very much like 
that of a mattock. Length of the handle, 18£ inches; length of the pick, 14£ 
inches. Eskimo of Mackenzie River district, British America. 1852. Col- 
lected by B. R. Ross. 

Pick for breaking ice. — Pick made of whale-rib bone, fastened to the end of a wooden 
handle by a hide thong. The pick forms with the handle an arc of about 60°. 
A strong strap is attached to the center of the bone, extending to the handle, 
and serves as a band to keep the pick in the position described. Length of the 
handle, 31£ inches; length of the pick, 18 inches. Chukchis, eastern Siberia, 
1864. 2511. Collected by Commodore Rodgers, U. S. N. 

Pick for breaking ice. — Made of bone, fastened to a wooden handle by a hide strap, 
which extends around the pick and passes through a hole made in the handle. 
Length of the handle, 18£ inches ; length of the pick, 9f inches. Eskimo of 
Cape Espenberg, Alaska, 1880. 63599. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Adze. — An iron pick attached to a wooden handle by a hide strap, which extends 
above the upper part of the pick and passes through a hole made in the handle. 
Length of the handle, 11 inches ; width of the pick, 5| inches. Eskimo of Mac- 
kenzie River, Canada, 1869. 5126. Collected by R. McFarlane. 

Adze. — Handle of stag's horn, bowed at the lower end. A stone pick, inserted at 
right angles in the handle. Length of the handle, 13 inches ; length of the pick, 

4 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Alaska, 1878. 33084. Collected byE. 
W. Nelson. 



158 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Adze. — A stone head inserted in a ring of stag's horn, which is attached to a wooden 
handle hy a hide strap passing through the holes in the head and handle. The 
handle is painted red and hlue. Length of the handle, 14 inches; length of the jj 
head, 1± inches. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska, 1877. 33082. Collected hy ! 
E. W. Nelson. 

Adze. — An iron head inserted in a hone ring, which is fastened to a wooden handle 
hy a hide strap passing through holes in the head and handle. Length of the 
handle, 10 inches; width of the head, ^ inch. Eskimo df Point Barrow, Alaska, 
1883. 89871. Collected hy Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. N. 

Adze. — Head of nephritic stone, inserted in a small ring of stag's horn, which is 
fastened to the curved end of a wooden handle. Length of the handle, 13 
inches; length of the head, 2f inches. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska, 1878. ! 
33083. Collected hy E. W. Nelson. 

Bark strippers (3). — Made of deer-rih hone, having one of the ends cut in the shape 
of a pickax. This implement is used for removing the hark from the cedars. 
Length, 9|, 10£, and 12 inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Char- i 
lotte Islands, British Columhia. 88922. Collected hy James G. Swan. 

Baric stripper. — Made of deer-rih hone, with one end cut in the shape of a pickax. 
The other end serves as a handle and is wrapped in spruce-pine root. This I 
implement is used for removing the hark from the cedars. Length, 9£ inches. 
Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), British Columhia. 88897. Collected hy ] 
James G. Swan. 

Bark stripper. — Made of elk horn. It has both ends sharpened. Length, 17£ inches; 
width, If inches. Lummi Indians (Salishan stock), Lummi Reservation, Wash- 
ington, 1875. 130978. Collected by E. C. Chirouse. 

Bark beater. — Made of an oblong piece of wood, one of the ends of which is cut in the 
shape of a beak and the other is rounded to serve as a handle, having a long, 
narrow hole in it, enabling the workman to grasp it more hrmly while at work. 
It is used for pounding the bark of the cedars and all kinds of textile materials. 
Length, 14£ inches; width, 3£ inches. Lummi Indians (Salishan stock) ; Lummi 
Reservation, Washington, 1875. 130979. Collected by E. C. Chirouse. 

Prepared cedar lark. — Inside bark of the yellow cedar. It is used for making clothes, 
blankets, thread, etc. Sheets of the same bark used for covering the roofs and 
sides of houses. Indians of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 1888. 129986. 
Collected by James G. Swan. 

Wedge. — Made of elk bone. It is used for splitting wood. With this kind of wedge 
the Indians of the northwest coast can easily split boards of all sizes from any 
sort of tree. Length, 11| inches; width, 3 inches. Clallam Indians (Salishan 
stock), Washington. 20899. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Wedge. — Made of wood. Used in the primitive method of splitting, to make thwarts 
in building boats. Length, 11 inches ; width, 3 inches. Otoe Indians (Algonkian 
stock), Nebraska. 22415. Collected by J. W. Griest. 

Wedge. — Mode of fir or yew. The upper part is covered with network of thick cord 
made of cedar root. It is used for splintering. Length, 25 inches; width, 2£ 
inches. Maka Indians (Wakashan stock), Neah Bay, Washington, 1884. 74780. 
Collected by James G. Swan. 

Case VI. 

Dance figures. — Representing dancers in dancing dress. These images are prepared 
before the dance, and are afterwards given to the children as playthings. Zufii 
Indians, New Mexico. 9567, 22935, 22936, 61198, 68069. Collected by James 
Stevenson. 

Dance figures. — Zuni Indians, New Mexico. 22930. Collected by James Stevenson. 
Dance figures.— Zuni Indians, New Mexico. 54206,69084, 69096, 22931,84208. Col- 
lected by James Stevenson. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 159 



Dance figures.— Zufii Indians, New Mexico. 99176-7; 189-190; 69185-6-7-8; 84190 

Collected by James Stevenson. 
Musical instruments. — Consisting of a notched stick and the shoulder blade of a 

deer. The sound is produced by rubbing the notches with the sharp point of 

the bone. A much louder sound is produced by placing the notched stick over 

the mouth of an empty gourd. Moki and Zuni Indians, Arizona and New 

Mexico. 68851-2-3-5; 84228-9-30; 84227-8-9. Collected by James Stevenson. 
Battles. — Made of gourds fixed on the ends of wooden handles ; they have symbolical 

figures painted on them in very bright colors. They are used in ceremonies. 

Moki and Zuni Indians, Arizona and New Mexico. 68731-40-44-53-51; 164-148. 

Collected by James Stevenson. 
Paraphernalia of the dance. — Apron, belt, wand, and wooden figure. Moki Indians, 

Arizona. 22843-66-905-59; 68865. Collected by James Stevenson. 
Belts (2). — They form part of the dance dress. Made of native cotton. Moki Indians, 

Arizona. 22947-53. Collected by Maj. J. W. Powell. 
Dance headdresses and figures. — The headdresses are those now in use in the dance, 

and the figures represent a dancer in dance dress. Zuni Indians, New Mexico. 

69114, 41956, 35404, 41958, 23141. Collected by James Stevenson. 
Dance ivands (9). — Small wooden boards ornamented with painted symbolical figures 

and with feathers. They are carried in the ceremonies called "dances." Zuni 

Indians, NewMexico. 69171-2-5-8-9 ; 22923-4 ; 41931 ; 16169. Collected by Frank 

Hamilton Cushing. 

Dance ivands (12). — They are carried in the ceremonies called "dances." Small 
wooden boards ornamented with painted symbolical figures and with feathers. 
Zuni Indians, New Mexico. 69110; 41951-57; 19617; 22929. Collected by James 
Stevenson. 

Cases VII and VIII. 

Model of 11 totem post." — A slate column with carved ornamental figures. Height, 20 
inches; diameter, 3 inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Char- 
lotte Islands, British Columbia. 88981. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Model of 11 totem post." — A slate column ornamented with carved designs. Height, 16 
inches; diameter, 3| inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Prince of Wales 
Island, Alaska. 23341. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Sculptured bone. — Representing a human figure. Length, 3 inches; width, If inches. 
Tsimshian Indians (Tsimshian stock), Fort Simpson, British Columbia. 9813 (a). 
Collected by Lieut. F. W. Ring, U. S. A. 

Sculptured bone. — Representing two human faces, one above the other. Length, 6 
inches; width, 2 inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska. 
45995. Collected by J. J. McLean. 

Shaman rod. — Made of bone, ornamented with engraved mythological carvings. 
Length, 8£ inches; width, 1 inch. Tsimshian Indians (Tsimshian stock), Fort 
Simpson, British Columbia. 89021. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Sculptured ivory. — Incrusted with shell. Length, 5£ inches; width, 2| inches. 
Tsimshian Indians (Tsimshian stock), Fort Simpson, British Columbia. 9813 (b). 
Collected by Lieut. F. W. Ring, U. S. A. 

Pestle. — Made of bone, ornamented with figures in relief. A braided cord is attached 
to one end. Length, 6| inches; diameter, f inch. Sitka Indians (Koluschan 
stock), Sitka, Alaska, 1884. 75420. Collected by J. J. McLean. 

The Indians of the Northwest Coast are remarkable for the profusion of their 
carvings; almost all their articles of personal use or belonging to their houses 
are ornamented. 

Sculptured bone. — Length, 4f inches; width, 1£ inches. Hoonya Indians (Koluschan 
stock), Chichagoff Island, Alaska. 73801. Collected by Lieut. T. Dix Bolles, 
U. S. N. 



160 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Sculptured hone. — Length, 6£ inches; diameter, 1£ inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan 
stock), Sitka, Alaska, 1884. 75459. Collected by J. J. McLean. 

Sculptured ivory. — Representing a fish. Length, 5f inches ; width, 2£ inches. Ton- 
gass Indians (Koluschan stock), Fort Tongass, Alaska. Collected by Lieut. F. 
W. Ring, U. S. A. 

Set of amulets of the Shaman. — Carved in ivory or bone ; fastened to a delicate ivory 
handle ornamented with carvings. Average length, 2\ inches. Tsimshian 
Indians (Tsimshian stock), Fort Simpson, British Columbia. 89021. Collected 
by James G. Swan. 

Needlecase. — Made of the bone of a swan's wing.; without ornaments. The ends of 
the bone are plugged with wooden stoppers, one rex>resenting the head of a fish 
and the other the tail, so that the whole has the appearance of a fish. Length, 
6 inches; diameter, f inch. Eskimo, Askinuk, Alaska. 36719. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Made of carved ivory, representing a nude human figure. The tube 
for holding the needles is of the same length as the case. Length, 3f inches. 
Eskimo of Nubviakkhchugaluk, Alaska. 43945. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Made of the bone of a swan's wing. Ornamented with four rings in a 
diagonal line, and a large number of straight lines around the bone. The ends 
are plugged with wooden stoppers, one representing the head of a fish and the 
other the tail, the whole having the appearance of a long fish. Length, 6£ 
inches; diameter, f inch. Eskimo of Askinuk, Alaska. 36723. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Made of the bone of the wing of a swan. Ornamented with two sets 
of diagonal lines and three borders of straight lines around the bone. The ends 
are plugged with wooden stoppers. Length, 5£ inches; diameter, inch. 
Kaialigumut Eskimo, Alaska. 37159. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Made of the bone of the wing of a swan. Ornamented with straight 
lines carved around the bone. The ends are plugged with wooden stoppers, one 
representing the head of a fish and the other the tail, the whole having the 
appearance of a long and slender fish. Length, 6£ inches; diameter, f inch. 
Eskimo of Askinuk, Alaska. 36"27. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Carved in ivory. It has nearly the shape of a spindle. Hollow at the 
top and at the bottom. On each side it has a wing supported by a small piece 
which projects from the surface. Length, 5f inches. Eskimo of Norton Sound, 
Alaska. 33697. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Carved in ivory, ornamented with four nude figures seated, two facing 
the other two. Length, 4£ inches. Eskimo of King's Island, Alaska. 44137. 
Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Carved in ivory, representing a walrus carrying something in its mouth. 
Ornamented with dots, rings, and lines, forming a beautiful design. This needle- 
case is not like those usually carried by the Eskimos, as it only opens at one 
end. Length, 4£ inches. Eskimo of Togiak River, Alaska. 127443. Collected 
by I. Applegate. 

Needlecase. — Carved in ivory, representing a whale. Ornamented with dots, rings, 
and lines. It opens only at one end, and has a hole in the center, plugged with 
a stopper of soft wood. Length 5 inches. Eskimo of Bristol Bay, Alaska. 
7913. Collected by Dr. T. T. Minor. 

Needlecase. — Carved in ivory. One end is ornamented with a seal's head, and the 
other with a walrus head. The opening of the case runs from the top down, and 
has one end plugged with wood. Length, 5f inches. Eskimo of the Lower 
Yukon, Alaska. 38443. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Needlecase. — Made of the bone of the wing of a swan. Ornamented with small dots 
and rings. Both ends are plugged with wooden stoppers. It is a fine specimen. 
Length, 5 inches ; diameter, f inch. Eskimo of Lower Kuskokwim River, Alaska. 
36762. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 161 



Xeedlecase. — Made of the boue of the wing of a sw.m. The center is ornamented 
with transverse lines forming a right angle ; the ends with diagonal lines. Both 
ends are plugged with wooden stoppers, one representing the head of a fish and 
the other the tail, giviug the whole the appearance of a long tish. Length, 6 
inches; diameter, f- inch. Eskimo of Askinuk, Alaska. 36764. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Drill bow. — Made of walrus ivory, ornamented with three parallel lines. At the sides, 
at intervals of about 1 inch, it has nine clefts, joined by curved lines. At the 
bottom it has ornaments of rings and dots. Length, 18 inches; width, 1 inch. 
Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 89423. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Bag handle. — Made of ivory, slightly convex, and ornamented with carvings. Those 
on the back represent houses, trees, and animals; those of the sides a scene from 
the whale fishery. Length, 12i inches; £ inch square. Chilcat Indians, Alaska. 
67904. Collected by J. J. McLean. 

Pail handle. — Made of ivory. The shape is semicircular. It has nine seal heads 
carved in relief on the outer face. The edges have carved ornaments. Three 
trees are carved on the inner face. Length, 9 inches; width, 1% inches. Eskimo 
of the Lower Yukon, Alaska. 136375. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Pail handle. — Made of ivory, slightly curved in the center. It has a bear carved oh 
either end. Length, 8f inches; width, If inches. Eskimo of Diomede Island, 
Alaska. 63884. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Box handle. — Made of ivory, slightly convex, and ornamented with etchings represent- 
ing apparently skins of animals. The sides are incrusted with blue beads. 
Length, 15f inches; width, 1 inch. Eskimo of Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. 48529. 
Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Pail handle. — Made of ivory. It has two fishes carved on the center. At each end 
of the handle are three fishes, two curved in relief, and one forming a pendant. 
Length, 10^ inch; diameter, f inches. Eskimo of Sledge Island, Alaska. 
44690. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Box handle. — Made of ivory, ornamented with various carved drawings. Beginning 
at the left, a hunter is seen in the act of firing at the game ; then come ten reindeer ; 
and lastly, on the right is represented a whale with its captor. Length, 15 
inches; width, 1 inch. Eskimo of Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. 48831. Collected 
by E. W.Nelson. 

Pail handle. — Made of ivory. It has six sections of a design carved on it, giving it 
the appearance of seven fish tails joined in a single line. Length, 6^ inches; 
width, li inches. Eskimo of Cape Darby, Alaska. 48137. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson. 

Accessories of an aboriginal game. — Made of short sticks of spruce, and engraved 
with totemic devices. Any number of persons may take part in this game. 
The dealer sits on the ground, having before him a pile of frayed cedar bark, in 
which the sticks are shuffled, and with great solemnity draws out the pieces 
one by one without looking at them, and passes them to each of the players 
seated in front of him. Each stick has a different value, and the highest, or the 
lowest, oc the defined, or the specified number gains the stake. T'lingit Indians, 
Sitka, Alaska. 6556. Collected by Dr. J. J. Minor, U. S. A. 

Small sticks for a game— Made of wood, 29 in number, placed in a deerskin bag. Most 
of the sticks have a distinctive mark. Length, 5 inches; width, finch. 
T ; lingit Indians (Koluschan stcok), Sitka, Alaska. 9939. Collected by Captain 
Henriques. 

Explanation of the game.—Esbch. player, in his turn, selects a number of sticks 
from the bag, and places them under a pile or piles of frayed bark. His adver- 
sary must guess whether the number of hidden sticks is even or odd, or whether 
they are in one or the other pile. If the player guesses right, or not, he wins, or 

H. Ex. 100 11 



162 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



loses, one or more sticks. The game continues until one of the players has lost 
all his sticks, and he then loses the whole amount staked on the game. The 
TTingits are inveterate gamblers. 
Whipping-lop and whip. — The top is of wood, and the point is of bone. Length, 
2£ inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 
1891. 152905. 

Dart ( Yuato-gyabo).— Made of a rib bone. One is pointed, and there are twofeathers 
on the other. Length, 16 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reser- 
vation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152906. Collected by James Mooney. 

This dart is used in athletic exercises. It is thrown with great force over the 
ice, and the player whose dart goes farthest wins the stake. This is the favorite 
game of the young men. 

Sling. — Made of deer hide painted with red clay. Used by the children. Length, 
30 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 
1891. 152922. Collected by James Mooney. 

Gaming arrows (6). — The arrow is of a single piece of wood. The head is carved and 
painted. It is thrown with the hand, like a javelin; the player who throws it 
farthest wins. It is a man's game. Length, 29 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan 
stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152913. Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Game (Tangokya). — It is composed of 8 small sticks, marked differently. They are 
thrown like dice. The sticks are called horses or mares. The count of the game 
is kept with markers. This game is played only by men. It is the favorite game 
of the horse racers. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 
Territory, 1891. 152909. Collected by James Mooney. 

Shinny stick and ball. — The staff is curved at one end. The ball is of hide stuffed with 
hair. This is a woman's game. Length, 3 feet. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 
Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152903 (a). Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Shinny. — Ornamented with drawings of animals. It is a game for women only. 

Length, 3 feet. Cheyenne Indians (Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and Arapahoe 

Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152903 (c). Collected by James Mooney. 
Football. — Made of oxhide stuffed with hair. Diameter, 3£ inches. Kiowa Indians 

(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 189L 152904. Collected 

by James Mooney. 

The game of football is played by the women and girls. They do not drive 
the ball with the foot like the whites. The game consists in supporting the 
ball as long as possible on the toes of one foot while they dance around on the 
other. 

Shinny and ball. — The shinny is curved at one end. The ball is of hide and is stuffed 
with hair. This game is for women. Length, 3 feet. Kiowa Indians (Kiowa 
stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152903 (b). Collected by 
James Mooney. 

" Mescal " purse, of buckskin, embroidered with beads. — Made in imitation of the narcotic 
root wafer of a cactus, which is eaten in the "mescal ceremony." Those who eat 
the "mescal" carry the purse hanging from a necklace, and it coutains a small 
quantity of consecrated " mescal." Diameter, 1| inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan 
stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152883. Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Mescal is the root of the Cereus, of the cactus family. When chewed it has the 
properties of a narcotic. 
Amulet. — A closed bag, made of hide embroidered with beads. Length, 2 inches. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152932. Collected by James Mooney. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. .163 



Enchanted boiv. — Made of rib bone. It is used when it is desired to shoot an arrow 
at the malignant spirit who, from the clouds, has been the cause of the failure 
of the buffalo hunt. Length, 15 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa 
Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152989. Collected by James Mooney. 

Enchanted hag of the sun dance (model). — Made of hide. It is of the shape of a saddle, 
and contains the " Great Talisman " of the Kiowas. No white has succeeded in see- 
ing the talisman, but it is known to be composed of the 300 (more or less) scalp 
trophies of the tribe. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, 
Indian Territory, 1891. 152927. Collected by James Mooney. 

Enchanted tortoise shell. — Shell of a land tortoise, polished by use. This shell is used 
in the act of parturition, as an amulet, and the family receives it with great cere- 
mony. Length, 4f inches. Cheyenne Indians (Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and 
Arapahoe Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152811. Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Medicinal root. — Used in decoction, in the case of stomach ache. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 153001. Collected 
by James Mooney. 

Amulet (life charm). — A small diamond-shaped bag, embroidered with beads, and hav- 
ing a fringe of deer hide ; it is worn by young girls, and it contains the umbili- 
cal cord of the person who wears it. Length, 2\ inches. Kiowa Indians (Kio- 
wan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory. 152882 (a.) Collected by 
James Mooney. 

Enchanted hag. — Made of the skin of the legs of a tortoise. Cheyenne Indians 
(Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and Arapahoe Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152810. Collected by James Mooney. 

Obtained by Rev. H. R. Voth from an old Cheyenne doctress. It is used as 
an amulet at births. 

Amulet stone. — Oval stone, incrusted in a piece of hide embroidered with beads, with 
two straps, ornamented with beads, to support it. Diameter, If inches. Kiowa 
Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152884. 
Collected by James Mooney. 

This amulet comes from Chihuahua (Mexico), which presented it from motives 
of gratitude. The Kiowas believe that this stone possesses life and the power 
of motion. 

Shield and saddle. — Made of dark deer hide, embroidered with beads. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152928. Collected 
by James Mooney. 

Doll dressed in deer hide. — Bead ornaments. The belt is ornamented with buttons of 

German silver. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 

Territory, 1891. 152920. Collected by James Mooney. 
Doll dressed in buckskin. — It has a buckler on its arm. A child's plaything. Kiowa 

Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152918. 

Collected by James Mooney. 
Small spoons. — Wooden toy. The children carry these spoons in their belts as a 

plaything. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory. 

1891. 152923. Collected by James Mooney. 
Quiver. — Toy made of squirrel skin. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reser- 
vation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152924. Collected by James Mooney. 
Bag doll. — It carries a quiver and shield, and is seated on a saddle. Kiowa Indians 

(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, 1891. 152921. Collected by James Mooney. 
Doll dressed in red flannel. — It represents a woman seated on a saddle, carrying a 

child on her back. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 

Territory, 1891. 152916. Collected by James Mooney. 
Toilette hags. — Playthings made of hide. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa 

Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152930. Collected by James Mooney. 



164 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Saddles. — Toys, made of buckskin. Length, 8 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan 
stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152929. Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Little moccasins. — Plaything, made of buckskin, embroidered with beads. Length, 

3 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 

1891. 152926. Collected by James Mooney. 
Bow. — Toy, ornamented with bead embroidery. Length, 13 inches. Kiowa Indians 

(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152914. Collected 

by James Mooney. 

Gun and case, toy. — Wooden gun, deerskin case, embroidered with beads. Kiowa 
Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152931. 
Collected by James Mooney. 

Ivory doll. — Representing a woman dressed in deerskin, ornamented with various 
skins. Length, 4 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Alaska. 129237. 
Collected by L. M. Turner. 

Ivory doll. — A short string of beads hangs from its nose, which is pierced by a feather. 
From its ear hangs another string of beads, which passes underneath its chin. 
The sack is of duck skin, and the pantaloons of deerskin. Length, 13| inches. 
Eskimo of Tuniakput, Alaska. 127292. Collected by I. Applegate. 

Doll.— It wears a blouse of deerskin, festooned with another skin, a hood embroid- 
ered with beads, and earrings of bells. Around its face it has a ribbon of skin, 
which serves to tie it. Length, 3f inches. Eskimo, Alaska. 37889. Collected 
by E. W. Nelson. 

Doll. — Dressed in a blouse of different skins, with hide shoes. A wide fringe of skin 
hangs from the hood, to protect the face. Length, 7 inches. Eskimo, Norton 
Sound, Alaska. 37634. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Ivory doll. — Representing an Eskimo mother dressed in a long blouse; she is carry- 
ing her child in a large case. It has eight marks painted on its chin. Length, 
3| inches. Eskimo, Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. 48584. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson. 

Ivory doll. — Dressed in skins. The blanket on which it is stretched is of duck skin 
trimmed with skins. Length, 3 inches. Eskimo, Togiak River, Alaska. 127312. 
Collected by I. Applegate. 

Wooden doll. — With ivory eyes, mouth, and ears. The rings which it wears in its 
nose and ears are of beads. The dress is of various kinds of skins. Length, 
12^ inches. Eskimo, Togiak River, Alaska. 127297. Collected by I. Applegate. 

Diadem front. — Made of wood, carved and painted, imitating the head of a bird, sur- 
rounded by little human heads. It is used in the dances in ceremonies. Leugth, 
7 inches; width, 6 inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte 
Islands, British Columbia, 1883. 89159. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Diadem front. — Rectangular piece of wood, from which a bear's head rises in relief. 
The outlines are black and red. It is used in ceremonial dances. Length, 7 
inches; width, 5f inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan stock). Sitka, Alaska, 1882. 
56486. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Diadem front. — Rectangular piece of wood, from which a bear projects in relief. The 
body of the bear is painted red; the outlines of the bear's head are black and 
red. The whole is edged with red flannel cut in scallops. It is used in cere- 
monial dances. Length, 6f inches; width, 6 inches. Haida Indians (Skitta- 
getan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 1883. 89051. Collected 
by James G. Swan. 

The different tribes of the northwest coast believe that they are descended 
from a bird or other animal, and carve the image of their supposed progenitor 
on many of the articles of their personal property. The owner of the diadem 
described believed that he came from the bear family. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 165 



Diadem front. — Flat piece of wood, carved and painted, representing a human figure. 
It is used in the ceremonial dances. Length, 6£ inches; width, 5£ inches. 
Indians of the northwest coast of North America. 688. Collected by George 
Gibbs. 

Diadem front. — Rectangular piece of wood, from which the heads of a bear and a 
bird rise in relief. Painted blue, and the outlines black and red. Length, 5£ 
inches; width, 3f inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska. 
20755. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Ceremonial mask. — It is of the shape of a narrow face, and is of wood, painted white, 
with black and red outlines. A pointed projection rises from the forehead and 
descends to the eyes. It has two pairs of eyes; the upper pair is slightly open, 
and contains holes; the lower eyes have large lids, which descend to the line of 
the nostrils. The mask has a piece of curved wood on one side and a black 
feather on the other. Length, 11| inches ; width, 5J inches. Eskimo of Askinuk, 
Alaska. 48700. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Dancing mask. — Of soft wood; it has a human face in the center, and above it a 
deep concavity painted red, and ornamented on each side with wooden pegs. 
On the upper part of the face there is a thin rectangular piece of wood. It has 
large hands sculptured at the top and bottom. The lower hand has a walrus 
painted on it. The rest of the face is painted white, and the borders black. 
There is a little hood on the upper part of the forehead. Length, 26 inches ; 
width, 10 inches. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska. 33113. Collected by E. 
W. Nelson. 

It is used in dances to the sound of the drum and of songs relating to a hunt- 
ing or fishing party, or, more usually, to a mystic legend. 

Ceremonial mask. — Of wood, of an oval shape. A kind of ridge extends the whole 
length of the mask, and on either side displays a concavity, painted red and 
ornamented with wooden pegs. Near the lower edge and extending from right 
to left it has a cleft of a semicircular shape. There are two holes on either 
side of the mask. The bottom is painted white, and the edges black and blue. 
A black feather rises from each side and from the top. Length, 11 inches ; width, 
7| inches. Eskimo, Askinuk, Alaska. 48701. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 
It is used at funerals. 

Finger mask. — A thin, circular piece of wood, and represents a deformed face. 
Under the face are two holes to put the fingers in. The mask is festooned with 
long hair from the reindeer's tail. It is used by placing it before the face in the 
ceremonial dances. Diameter, exclusive of the fringe, 3£ inches. Eskimo of the 
Lower Kuskoquim River, Alaska. 37896. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Dancing mask. — Of wood, and has the form of the face of a white man, with black 
lines on the upper part of the eyes and above the nose. The ears are of separate 
pieces, of wood painted red, and a hide strap hangs from each. A wooden plug 
is mortised to each side of the chin. The eyes, the nostrils, and the spaces 
between the teeth are entirely perforated. A feather issues from the forehead 
and from the side of the left eye. A cord of spruce pine root serves to fasten 
the mask on the head of the person who wears it. Length, 12 inches-; width, 10 
inches. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska. 33133. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

It is used in dances to the sound of the drum and songs relating to a hunting 
or fishing party, or, more usually, to mystic legends. 

Finger mask. — A thin, circular piece of wood, and represents a deformed face. Under 
the face are two holes for the fingers. The mask is festooned with long hair 
from a reindeer's tail. It is used by placing it in front of the face in the 
ceremonial dances. Diameter, exclusive of the fringe, 3 inches. Eskimo of the 
Lower Kuskoquim, Alaska. 37653. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



166 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Ceremonial mask. — Of wood, painted blue, with black lines on the edges; the eyes 
slightly opened, the nose and lips very lar^e. Length, 9£ inches; width, 7£ 
inches. Bellacoola Indians (Salishan stock), British Columbia. 20580. Col- 
lected by James G. Swan. 

Ceremonial mask. — Of wood, painted blue, with red and black lines on the edges. 
There are painted designs on the cheeks, and a worked garniture on the lower 
lip. Length, 8 inches; width, 5£ inches. Alaska Indians. 67953. Collected 
by J. J. McLean. 

Ceremonial mask. — It is of wood, and has lines painted red and black, and blue draw- 
ings on the forehead and cheeks. It is used in dances. Length, 9 inches; width 
8£ inches. Alaska Indians. 67952. Collected by J. J. McLean. 

Ceremonial mask. — It is of wood, and has the eyes and eyebrows painted black. A 
metal ring hangs from the nose. It is used in dances. Length, 6f inches; 
width, 6i inches. Sitka Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska. 9937. Collected 
by Captain Henriques. 

Case IX. 

Feathers for the head (1) — Various garnished feathers, fastened to the end of a stick 
by ties of ribbons. Length, 12£ inches. T'lingit Indians (Koluschan stock), 
Alaska. 46497. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Feathers for the head (2).— Various woodpeckers' feathers fastened to the ends of two 
short sticks. Length, 18f inches and 12| inches. Indians of the northwest 
coast of North America. 2491-2. Collected by Lieut. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. 

Ornament for the head. — Crown of woodpeckers' feathers and deer hide. Diameter, 9 
inches. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), Hupa Valley Reservation, California. 
21331. Collected by Stephen Powers. 

Ornament for the head. — Crown of sea-otter skin ornamented with beads, feathers, 
and small pieces of red cloth. It has a string to fasten it to the head. Used in 
the dances. Diameter, 8^ inches. Uka Indians (Yukian stock), Reudon Valley 
Reservation, California. 21410. Collected by Stephen Powers. 

Dance whistle. — Carved in the shape of a fish. It consists of two pieces of wood 
carved on the outside and united by spruce-pine root. Length; 14 inches; 
width, 3£ inches. Skedan Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, 
British Columbia. 89139. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Dance whistle. — Composed of two pieces of wood, carved, and joined together by 
a packthread cord. Length, 4£ inches; width, 3 inches. Haida Indians (Skit- 
tagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 89068. Collected 
by James G. Swan. 

Dance whistle. — It consists of two pieces of wood, carved on the outside, and united 
by three ligatures, one of hide, one of spruce-pine root, and the third of pack- 
thread. The mouthpiece is cemented with rosin. Length, 19f inches; diameter, 
3 inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British 
Columbia. 89071. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Dance tohistle. — It consists of two pieces of wood, carved on the outside, dovetailed, 
and cemented with rosin. There are engravings on it, representing a face and 
arms. Length, 7£ inches; width, 5 inches. Skittagetan Indians, Queen Char- 
lotte Islands, British Columbia. 89158. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Dance whistle. — Two whistles united by spruce-pine root, forming a double whistle. 
Each consists of two pieces of wood, carved on the outside, joined together with 
spruce-pine root, and cemented with rosin. Length, 9 inches; width, 3 inches. 
Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 
89070. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Ceremonial rattle. — Made of wood, ornamented with various painted engravings and 
drawings, both mythological. The handle is covered with ribbon. This pattern 
of rattle is very common among the Indians of the northwest coast. Length, 
12^- inches; width, 3| inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Char- 
lotte Islands, British Columbia. 98086. Collected by James G. Swan. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 167 



Ceremonial rattle. — Made of wood, ornamented with a painted drawing representing 
a human face. Length, 9 inches. Massett Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen 
Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 88717. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Dance rattle. — Made of wood, ornamented on each side with a drawing of a human 
face and other painted and engraved drawings. Length, 10^ inches; width, 4£ 
inches. Alaska. 74335. Collected by J. J. McLean. 

Dance rattle. — Made of wood, engraved, and with a painted drawing representing 
a woodpecker. Length, 10 inches ; width, 3 inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan 
stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 88797. Collected by James 
G. Swan. 

Rattle. — Gourd, with drawings painted white and black and the bottom painted 
green, with a wooden handle passing through it. It is used in dances. Diam- 
eter, 6 inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), Moki Reservation, Arizona. 
84145. Collected by Victor Mindeleff. 

Rattle. — Made of a gourd, with painted desigDS, and pierced by a handle with a loop 
at the end. It is used in the dances. Diameter, 5 inches. Moki Indians (Sho- 
shonean stock), Moki Reservation, Arizona, 1886 128740. Collected by Mrs. 
M. E. Stevenson. 

Rattle. — Made of wood, carved and painted, representing a two-headed eagle, an imi- 
tation of that on the Russian flag. Length, 10 inches ; width, 4 inches. T'lingit 
Indians (Koluschan stock), Sitka, Alaska. 20763. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Leggin rattles. — Made of blue flannel, ornamented with three strips of red flannel, and 
with strings of white beads sewed around them. Along the whole length of the 
leggins are sewed three rows of bird beaks, which, by knocking against each 
other, produce various sounds, in accordance with the movement of the leg. 
The chiefs alone use this rattle in the dances of great ceremony. Haida Indians 
(Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 89088. Col- 
lected by James G. Swan. 

Rattle. — Composed of many bird b*eaks fastened around two wooden hoops covered 
with spruce-pine root. A stick tied to each of the two sides serves as a handle. 
Diameter, 6f inches. Hadia Indians (Skittagetan stopk), Queen Charlotte 
Islands, British Columbia, 89088. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Rattle. — Gourd painted bright green, yellow, and black, with a wooden handle run- 
ning through it, with two feathers tied to one end. It is used in the dances. 
Diameter, 1 inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), Moki Reservation, Ari- 
zona. 68742. Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 

Rattle. — Rough gourd, painted green. It has for a handle a stick which passes through 
it, but without coming out at the opposite side. Length, 7 inches; width, 3^- 
inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), Moki Reservation, Arizona. 84149. 
Collected by Victor Mindeleff. 

Head of a croolc. — Gourd painted black, with red lines ; a short stick passes through 
it. This handle serves as the head of a long staff which is used in the ceremo- 
nial dances. Length, 19 inches ; diameter of the gourd, 4£ inches. Moki Indians 
(Shoshonean stock), Moki Reservation, Arizona. 22964. Collected by O. D. 
Wheeler. 

Rattle. — Gourd ornamented with designs painted black on a background of bright 
green. A stick which passes through and through it serves as a handle. It is 
used in the dances. Diameter, 3J inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), 
Moki Reservation, Arizona. 68746. Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Dance whistle. — Made of the bone of an eagle's wing, with buckskin strips and 
feather pendants. Length, 6f inches. Arapahoe Indians (Algonkian stock), 
Cheyenne and Arapahoe Reservation, Oklahoma, 1890. 153057. Collected by 
Emilio Granier. 

Medicine man's enchanted rod. — Wooden staff covered with red cloth and feathers; 
head of catlinite, with a tassel made of horsehair dyed green. Length, 25 inches. 
Arapahoe Indians (Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and Arapahoe Reservation, Okla- 
homa, 1890. 153064. Collected by Emilio Granier. 



168 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Medicine man's enchanted rod. — Wooden staff paiuted red and ornamented with 
beaded fringes; head of catlinite, ornamented with an incrnsted German-silver 
cross. Plumes of feathers on the ends. Length, 27 inches. Arapahoe Indians 
(Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and Arapahoe Reservation, Oklahoma, 1890. 
153063. Collected by Emilio Granier. 

Whistle and necklace for dancing. — The whistle is made of the hone of an eagle's 
wing, wrapped in pieces of quill and pearls. Necklace of buckskin painted 
dark and ornamented with quill work. Length of the whistle, 7| inches. Arap- 
ahoe Indians (Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and Arapahoe Reservation, Oklahoma, 

1890. 153056. Collected by Emilio Granier. 

Flute. — Made of two pieces of cedar, joined by fastenings of buckskin cord. The 
' key is stuck on with balsamic pine rosin. The six holes for the fingers are made 
by burning. It is called "the love flute," because it is used in serenades. 
Length, 21 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 
Territory, 1891. 152899. Collected by James Mooney. 

Whistles. — Made of the bone of eagles' wings. They have pendants of feathers. The 
largest of the whistles is about one hundred years old. It is used in the sun 
dance and in giving orders for the movements of the warriors in battles. Length, 
7-S- and 10 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 
Territory, 1891. 152938. Collected by James Mooney. 

Beer call. — It is made of a kind of tin tube fixed between two pieces of perforated 
wood. It is sounded by blowing. It imitates pretty well the bleating of the 
deer. Length, 7 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, 
Indian Territory, 1891. 152939. Collected by James Mooney. 

Enchanted rattle. — It has the handle covered with hawk skin, ornamented with ten 
tin bells. The head is made of the scrotum of a young buffalo, and has birds 
and cabalistic signs painted on it. Length, 2 feet. Cheyenne Indians (Algon- 
kian stock), Cheyenne and Arapahoe Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152807. Obtained from Rev. H. R. Voth by James Mooney. 

Ornament for the head. — Bunch of feathers, with a large eagle's feather in the center. 
Used by the medicine men, on which account the name of " Dr. Buffalo " is given 
to it. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 

1891. 152861. Collected by James Mooney. 

Battle. — Wooden handle wrapped in buckskin, ornamented with a horsehair plume 
and a tin bell. The head is made of the scrotum of a buffalo, with figures in 
relief. It is used in the dance called that of the "Warrior Dog." Length, 8f 
inches. Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indians (Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and Arap- 
ahoe Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152808. 

Tablets of birch bark, or descriptire writing. — This instructive series of writings on 
birch bark was obtained from the Ojibway Indians and collected by Dr. W. J. 
Hoffman, whose account will be found in the seventh annual report of the 
Bureau of Ethnology. 

In the upper part of the glass case, on the left, are the ballads or mnemonic 
songs used by the Shamans in the cermonies of the Great Medicine Society. The 
glass case on the left contains a tablet of birch bark relating to the traditions 
of the tribe. The next case contains tablets of battles and hunts. The last 
case contains tablets of songs for cures and for hunts, which are carefully 
marked, in order that they may serve as a guide to the singer. 

Fastener for workbag. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented with four rows of 
engraved parallel lines. A small hole made in the ivory serves for the passage 
of the lace or cord with which the bag is closed. Length, 6J inches; width, % 
inch. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska. 48778. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for workbag. — Made of a strip of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented with five 
rows of engraved parallel lines. A small projection is carved in the center, in 
which is a hole serving to pass the cord with which the bag is closed. Length, 
7| inches; diameter, f inch. Eskimo of Nulokktologumut, Alaska. 38218. Col- 
lected by E. W. Nelson. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 169 



Fastener for workbag. — Made of a cylindrical piece of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented 
with twelve rows of engraved parallel lines. It has in the center a small pro- 
jection, in which is a hole serving as a passage for the cord with which the hag 
is closed. Length, 7| inches; diameter, | inch. Eskimo of Big Lake, Alaska. 
36637. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for workbag. — Made of a cylindrical piece of walrus-tusk ivory. Slightly 
curved and ornamented with eight rows of engraved parallel lines mingled with 
points and crosses. There is a hole in the ivory, serving as a passage for the 
cord with which the hag is closed. Length, 6^ inches ; diameter, £ inch. Eskimo 
of Sabotnisky, Alaska. 48966. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for worlibag. — Made of a cylindrical piece of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented 
with eleven rows of engraved parallel lines mingled with dots and circles. 
Length, 6| inches; width, finch. Eskimo of Paimut, Alaska. 38011. Collected 
by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for ivorkbag. — Made of a triangular piece of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented 
with figures representing diamonds and a set of wooden plugs incrusted in the 
ivory and surrounded by circles. It has a cleft serving as a passage for the 
cord with which the bag is closed. Length, 5^ inches; width, 4- inch. Eskimo 
of Paimut, Alaska. 37188. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for ivorkbag. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented with engraved trans- 
verse lines, forming various figures. An eagle's head is carved on one of the 
ends. A small hole made in the ivory serves as a passage for the cord with 
which the bag is closed. Length, 5^ inches; width, \ inch. Eskimo of Ano- 
gogumut, Alaska. 37431. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for ivorkbag. — Made of a flat and thin piece of walrus-tusk ivory, orna- 
mented in the center with an engraved drawing representing a human face, and 
on each side an engraved seal. A series of lines crossing each other are engraved 
on the upper edge. A small hole made in the ivory serves as a passage for the 
cord with which the bag is closed. Length, £ inch ; width, 1 inch. Eskimo of 
Chalitmut, Alaska. 37319. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for workbag. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. Carved to represent a salmon. 
A small hole made in the button hook serves as a passage for the cord with 
which the bag is closed. Length, 4£ inches ; width, 1 inch. Eskimo of Nunivak 
Island, Alaska. 43694. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for ivorkbag. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory and carved in the shape of a 
beaver. Ornamented with engraved circles, lines, and points. Five small 
pieces of lead are cemented to the ivory at intervals of about an inch. A small 
hole made in the lower part of the fastener serves as a passage for the cord 
with which the bag is closed. Length, 7 inches; width, £ inch. Eskimo of 
Sabotnisky, Alaska. 48861. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for ivorkbag. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory, carved in the form of a seal. 
Ornamented with borders, engraved around the neck and tail. Various draw- 
ings adorn the body. A small hole made in the ivory serves as a passage for 
the cord with which the bag is closed. Length, 4£ inches ; diameter f inch. 
Eskimo of Nulukhtologomut, Alaska. 38241. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Fastener for ivorkbag. — Carved in walrus-tusk ivory, in the form of a seal. Orna- 
mented with engraved circles, points, and lines. A small hole made in the ; vory 
serves as a passage for the cord with which the bag is closed. Length, 6 inches; 
width, £ inch. Eskimo of Sabotnisky, Alaska. 48860. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson. 

Fastener for workbag. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory, carved in the shape of a lamprey 
A small hole made in the ivory serves as a passage for the cord with which the 
bag is closed. Length, 6f inches; width, £ inch. Eskimo of Norton Sound, 
Alaska. 24502. Collected by Lucien M. Turner. 



170 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Denticulated rattle (2). — It consists of two pieces; oue long, toothed stick and, 
another small, smooth stick. It is used in the ceremonial dances. One end of 
the denticulated rod is held in the left haud; a gourd, or any other sounding 
object, is fixed on the other end. The long rod is rubbed from the top to the 
bottom, and from the bottom to the top, with the other rod held in the right 
hand. Length of the denticulated rod, 26 inches; length of the short rod, 12 
inches. Shoshone Indians (Shoshonean stock), Wind River Reservation, 
Wyoming, 1876. 22026-7. Collected by Maj. J. W. Powell. 

Flute. — It consists of two strips of wood, guttered and joined together by a buck- 
skin cord, and cemented with rosin. It has six holes for the fingers, made by 
burning. The key is of reed. Length, 21 inches; diameter, If inches. Sho- 
shone (Shoshonean stock), Wind River Reservation. 153065. Collected by 
Emilio Granier. 

Whistle. — Made of the bone of an eagle's wing. Ornamented with a wrapping of 
dyed quills. Length, 8. inches. Sioux Indians. 153923. Collected by Mrs. M. 
M. Hazen. 

Whistle. — Made of the bone of an eagle's wing, with a strap of sea-otter skin tied 
to the neck of the whistle. Length, 10 inches. Sioux Indians. 153926. Col- 
lected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Whistle. — Made of the bone of an eagle's wing. Ornamented with a wrapping of 
dyed quills. A buckskin strap, with white qifills. Length, 7f inches. Sioux 
Indians. 153924. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Battle. — Made of two pieces of hide, cemented together, forming a ball. The handle 
is strengthened by a wooden tube. A feather is cemented to the upper part of 
the whistle. Length, 8 inches; diameter, 3| inches. Sioux Indians. 153920. 
Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Battle. — A rod covered with buckskin, from which hang many deer hoofs, forming 
the timbrel. It has a feather on one side and a wide buckskin loop on the other. 
Length, 19 inches. Sioux Indians. 153927. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Whistle (broken). — Made of the bone of an eagle's wing. A buckskin strap, orna- 
mented with white and blue quills. Length, 6| inches. Sioux Indians. 153925. 
Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Flageolet. — Made of reed, covered with quills, painted-. It has four holes for the 
fingers. A tongue placed in an oblong case produces the sound. Length, llf 
inches; diameter, f inch. Sioux Indians. 153922. Collected by Mrs. M.- M. 
Hazen. 

Small drum. — Made of deerskin drawn over an irregular hoop and fastened with 
wooden pegs which project from the whole hoop at intervals of about an inch. 
Diameter, 7 inches. Sioux Indians. 153921. Collected by Mrs. M. M. Hazen. 

Drumstick. — Made of a straight stick of wood. The knob is of buckskin, stuffed 
with hair. The stick and knob are painted red. The little children use it. 
Length of the stick, 14f inches; diameter of the knob, about 1£ inches. Moki 
Indians (Shoshonean stock), Moki Reservation, Arizona. 22553. Collected by 
Maj. J. W. Powell. 

Drumstick. — The knob is of hair, covered with cloth. The men use it. Length, 22 
inches; diameter of the knob, 4£ inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), 
Moki Reservation, Arizona. 22553. Collected by Maj. J. W. Powell. 

Drumstick (Ta£c7»i).— The two painted with dark colors. The knob is of buckskin, 
stuffed with hair. Used by the children. Length of the stick, 13 inches; 
diameter of the knob, about 2£ inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), Moki 
Reservation, Arizona. 128630. Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Drumstick. — Painted with dark colors. A cloth knob, stuffed with hair, is fastened 
to one end of the stick. Length, 15 inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), 
Moki Reservation, Arizona. 68919. Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



171 



Drumstick. — Painted red. A buckskin knob, stuffed with hair and painted red and 
black, is tied to one end of the stick. Length, 14| inches. Moki Indians (Sko- 
shonean stock), Moki Reservation, Arizona. 68923. Collected by Col. James 
Stevenson. 

Drumstick.— Ornamented and painted. A knob, made of buckskin stuffed with hair, 
is tied to the end of the stick. Length, 12£ inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean 
stock), Moki Reservation, Arizona. 68922. Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 

Drumstick. — A knob covered with buckskin is tied to the end of the stick. Length, 
18 inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), Moki Reservation, Ariztna, 1883. 
68918. Collected by Col. James Stevenson. 

Case X. 

Hat. — Made of spruce-pine root, finely woven, and ornamented with shells, beads, 
and painted drawings. Diameter, 15^ inches. Aleuts, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. 
11378. Collected by Vincent Colyer. 

The resemblance of these hats to those of the Chinese is remarkable. 

Hunter's hat. — Made of spruce-pine roots, finely woven with cord. Painted blue, with 
red and blue drawings on the crown. Ornamented with shells, beads, and two 
plumes of walrus hair. Diameter, 16 inches. Eskimo of Kadi ak Island, Alaska. 
74720. Collected by William J. Fischer. 

Head ornament for men. — Fine, dark network, ornamented with small pieces of haliotis 
shell. Indians of Pitt River (Palaihnihan stock), Round Valley department, 
California. 21378. Collected by Stephen Powers. 

Head ornament. — Made of many small pieces of quill, painted red, and placed per- 
pendicularly. At equal intervals there are pieces of quill with a portion of the 
feather on. The straps to fasten it to the head are of buckskin. Length of 
the quill, 2\ inches. Indians of McCloud River (Copehan stock), California, 
1875. 19276. Collected by Livingston Stone. 

Head ornament for men. — Fine, dark network, ornamented on one side with feathers 
of very bright colors. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), Hupa Valley Reserva- 
tion, California, 1874. 21333. Collected by Stephen Powers. 

Curl. — Made of hairs from the tail of ahorse. Ornament for men. Length, 2| inches. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152872. Collected by James Mooney. 

Shirt ornaments. — Small perfumed bag of yellow cloth, with pendants of lynx and 
deer tails sewed to an embroidery of beads. It is worn on the shoulders, breasts, 
or backs of men's and children's shirts. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa 
Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152874. Collected by James Mooney. 

Pin for arranging the hair. — Of wood, with a head in imitation of the " mescal" cac- 
tus, which the Kiowas eat, and is used to make the part in the hair. Length, 
8 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 
1891. 152937. Collected by James Mooney. 

Magic ornament for the head. — Made of strings of beads attached to a button of Ger- 
man silver. When worn on the head it serves as an amulet, and is probably 
used in the celebration of some secret ceremony. Length, 10 inches. Kiowa 
Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152910. 
Collected by James Mooney. 

Head ornament. — Made of an eagle's feather. The quill of the feather is covered 
with buckskin embroidered with beads, to which is attached an ornament of 
hide embroidered with beads, cut in a circular shape. The men wear this orna- 
ment. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 
1891. 152871. Collected by James Mooney. 

Feather for the head. — The quill is covered with buckskin embroidered with beads, 
to which is attached a silver button and a string of blue beads. The men wear 
this ornament. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 
Territory, 1891. 152870. Collected by James Mooney. 



172 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Garter. — Made of a ribbon, embroidered with beads, half an inch wide, with little 
pendants of ribbon. The men wear it just below the knee. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152866. Collected 
by James Mooney. 

Earrings. — Beads of real "wampum," with silver ornaments and brass chains. The 
men wear them. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 
Territory, 1891. 152875. Collected by James Mooney. 

Warrior's helmet. — Made of a long band of elk hide, ornamented with figures painted 
red and black, two eagle's feathers placed on the front. The straps for securing 
the helmet on the head are of elk-skin cord. Width of the sash, 6f inches. 
Klamath Indians, (Lutuamian stock), Klamath Reservation, Oregon, 1876. 
24095. Collected by L. S. Dyer. 

Head ornament. — Made of buckskin, ornamented with woodpeckers' feathers and 
white hair cut from above the feet of the deer. The straps for securing the 
ornament on the head are of buckskin. The men use this ornament in the dances. 
Length, 24 inches; width, 16 inches. Natano Indians (Athapascan stock), Hupa 
Valley Reservation, California, 1885. 77192. Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, 
U. S. A. 

Head ornament. — Made of a wide elk -skin sash, painted red and blue, with many 
feathers placed on the front. The strings which serve to fasten the ornament to 
the head are of cotton. The young men wear this ornament in the dances. Width 
of the sash, 7£ inches. Kenuck Indians (Athapascan stock) Hupa Valley Reser- 
vation, California, 1885. 77191. Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

Brush for the head. — Made of porcupine skin. Length, 5£ inches. Piute Indians 
(Shoshonean stock), Nevada. 19052. Collected by Stephen Powers. 

Brash for the head. — Made of liber. The handle is of buckskin. Length, 6 inches; 
width, 3^ inches. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), California, 1885. 77195. 
Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

Brush for the head. — Made of a pine cone. Length, 5 inches. Tarahumara Indians, 
Chihuahua, Mexico, 1885. 126652. Collected by Dr. Edward Palmer. 

Louse killer. — Made of four spatulate wooden strips joined together at the end. 
Length, 5 inches; width, if inch. Zuni Indians, New Mexico. 41900. Collected 
by James Stevenson. 

Brush for the head. — Made of soap wort roots. The fibers are secured with packthread 
and wax. Length, 5f inches. Ute Indians (Shoshonean stock), Owen River, 
California. 19718. Collected by Stephen Powers. 

Brush for the head. — Made of vegetable fibers. Length, 15 inches. Ute Indians 
(Shoshonean stock), Utah. 12019. Collected by Maj. J. AV. Powell. 

Belt. — Made of hide, ornamented with deer teeth. The lower edge contains the 
incisors of some 230 deer, placed above each other in two rows strongly sewed 
to the hide. The belt is fastened to the waist by cords of very strong hide. 
Length, 34 inches ; width, 2f- inches. Eskimo of Fort Alexander, Alaska. 76703. 
Collected by J. W. Johnson. 

Necklace. — Made of hide, ornamented with deer teeth. The lower border contains 
the incisors of 44 deer, placed above each other, and they are strongly sewed to 
the hide. Ten walrus teeth hang at the ends of the same number of strings of 
white and blue beads. At one end of the necklace there is a hide cord with a 
large blue bead, which serves to insert it in a loop at the other end, in order to 
secure it and fasten it to the neck. Length, 17^ inches; width, 1£ inches. 
Eskimo of Fort Alexander, Alaska, 1886. 127647. Collected by J. W. Johnson. 

Belt. — Made of hide, ornamented with transverse fringes of white and blue beads. 
Length, 31 inches ; width, If inches. Eskimo of Fort Alexander, Alaska, 1886. 
127646. Collected by J. W. Johnson. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 173 



Woman's belt. — Made of hide, ornamented with deer teeth. The lower part contains 

the incisors of 51 deer, placed above each other, and strongly sewed to the hide. 

Length, 26 inches; width, L} inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Alaska. 

48690. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 
Bow for the hair. — Made of a rod curved in the shape of a bow. Used by the Moki 

maidens. Length, 7f inches; width, 7f inches. Moki Indians (Shoshouean 

stock), Arizona, 1876. 22539. Collected by O. D. Wheeler. 

The Moki maidens use this characteristic ornament in dressing their hair, 

inserted in the hair, and placed in such a way that it presents the appearance of 

two large ears or wings on both sides of the head. 
Ornament for the head. — Made of a strip of wood bent in the shape of a bow. Used 

by the Moki maidens. Length, 1L} inches ; width, 11 inches. Moki Indians 

(Shoshonean stock), Arizona, 1876. 41916. Collected by 0. D. Wheeler. 
Ornament for the head. — Made of a strip of wood bent in the shape of a bow. Used 

by the Moki maidens. Length, 9 inches; width, 12f inches, Moki Indians 

(Shoshonean stock), Arizona, 1876. 22541. Collected by O. D. Wheeler. 
Curler. — Rod bent in the shape of a yoke. Used by the Moki women. Length, 5^- 

inches; width, 3| inches. Moki Indians (Shoshonean stock), New Mexico. 9546. 

Collected by Dr. Edward Palmer. 
Ornament for the head. — Two flat rectangles of wood, with the borders painted 

black. Used by the women to bind the hair above the ears. Length, 4| inches ; 

width, 2f inches. Zufii Indians (Zunian stock), New Mexico. 69406. Collected 

by Maj. J. W. Powell. 
Toilet hag. — Made of hide, embroidered with beads, with a fringe of twisted buck- 
skin cords. Length, 9 inches; width, 4 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 

Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152889 (a). Collected by James 

Mooney. 

These bags serve to hold paint, mirrors, combs, "mescal," feathers, jewels, 
savings, etc. 

Fire hag. — Made of hide^ with bead embroidery. On the side it has a hand embroid- 
ered in red beads on a background of blue beads. Length, 4| inches; width, 4£ 
inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowa stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 
1891. 152890. Collected by James Mooney. 

The "fire bags" are worn suspended from the waist. They contain the flint, 
steel, and tinder for striking fire. 

Woman's belt. — Wide hide band ornamented with stamped figures, beads, and but- 
tons of German silver, on a background of red ribbon. Brass buckle. Length, 
40| inches; width, 2| inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reserva- 
tion, Indian Territory, 1891. 152867. Collected by James Mooney. 

Maiden's belt. — Made of tanned hide, ornamented with large buttons of German 
silver. The cases for the knife and awl and the bag for perfumes, etc., are 
attached to the belt. Length, 29 inches; width, 2 inches. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152869. Collected 
by James Mooney. 

Brooch. — It consists of two buckskin loops embroidered with beads, united by a cord, 
having buttons of German silver in the center. It is used for fastening the 
blanket to the body. Diameter, 2 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 
Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152881 (b). Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Perfumery bag for maiden. — Made of beaded hide, ornamented with metal hoops. 
Used for holding aromatic plants. It is worn suspended from the belt. Length, 
z>\ inches; width, 3| inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reserva- 
tion, Indian Territory, 1891. 152886. Collected by James Mooney. 

Maiden's necklace. — Buckskin thong, with beads. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 
Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152864. Collected by James Mooney- 



174 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Necklace. — Made of white glass beads (imitation of the old '''wampum"), with beads 
and pieces of hide at intervals. A ribbon embroidered with beads hangs from 
either end. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Terri- 
tory, 1891. 152863. Collected by James Mooney. 

Head ornament for men. — It consists of a circular piece of hide , with a button of Ger- 
man silver in the center, surrounded by an embroidery of beads, and pendants 
of ribbons of bright colors. Diameter, If inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan 
stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152873 (c). Collected by 
James Mooney. 

Head ornament for men. — It consists of four strings of beads, fastened by a silver button 
to a small piece of sea-otter skin. These ornaments are sometimes consecrated, 
and a religious meaning is given to them. Length, 13 inches. Kiowa Indians 
(Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152873 (b). Col- 
lected by James Mooney. 

Head ornament for men. — Ring of white beads, from which hang a small piece of sea- 
otter skin, a silver button, and many ribbons and blue beads. Length, 13 inches. 
Kiowa Indians (Kic?wan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152873 (a). Collected by James Mooney, 

Necklace and war whistle. — Necklace of beads, from which hang three united feathers 
and a war whistle made of the bone of an eagle's wing. The whistles made of 
eagles' bones are the war trumpets of the Kiowas. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 
Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152862. Collected by James Mooney. 

Man's necklace. — It consists of a hide cord with beads, small pieces of lead, brass, 
and iron, to which are attached an iron ring and a cioth bag with perfumes. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152865. Collected by James Mooney. 

Ornament for blankets. — It consists of four circular pieces of hide embroidered with 
beads, joined together by four little strips of the same material, ornamented in 
the same manner. Length, 61 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa 
Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152835. Collected by James Mooney. 

These ornaments are used for decorating the front borders of the blankets. 
The beadwork displays great skill. 

Ornament for blankets. — Made of four circular pieces of buckskin, embroidered with 
beads, joined together by four little strips of the same material, ornamented in 
the same manner. It is sewed to the border all around the blanket. Length, 
28 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Terri- 
tory, 1891. 152888. Collected by James Mooney. 

Stri})s for garters. — Of buckskin, with embroidery of beads. Length, 26 inches; 
width 3£ inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian 
Territory, 1891. 152834- (c). Collected by James Mooney. 

These strips are sewed, as an ornament, to the men's garters. This is a 
remarkable specimen of beadwork. 

Ornament for blankets. — Made of four circular pieces of buckskin, joined together 
by strips of the same material. The whole ornament is decorated with beads, 
bells, and ribbons. Length, 33 inches. Cheyenne Indians (Algonkian stock), 
Cheyenne and Arapahoe Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152813. Collected 
by James Mooney. 

Bracelets (3). — Very primitive specimen. Made of two twisted copper wires. T'lingit 

Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska, 1891. 153197-8-9. Collected by Lieut. 

George T. Emmons, U. S. N. 
Bracelets (3). — Native manufacture. Made of twisted brass wire. TTingit Indians 

(Koluschan stock), Alaska, 1891. 153200 (a). Collected by Lieut. George T. 

Emmons, U. S. N. 

Bracelet. — Made of a flat, plain strip of brass. Native manufacture. T'lingit 
Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska, 1891. 153200 (b). Collected by Lieut. George 
T. Emmons, U. S. N. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 175 



Bracelet. — Native manufacture. Made of strips of brass, with chiseled ornaments. 

T'lingit Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska, 1891. 153200(c). Collected by 

Lieut. George T. Emmons, U. S. N. 
Bracelet. — Native manufacture. Made of thick copper wire, without ornaments. 

T'lingit Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska, 1891. 153196. Collected by Lieut. 

George T. Emmons, U. S. N. 
Bracelets (2). — Native manufacture. Made of a strong strip of copper. T'lingit 

Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska. 1891. Collected by Lieut. George T. Emmons, 

U. S. N. 

Bracelet. — Made of a silver coin, forged with the hammer. Ornamented with 

engraved totemic drawings. Without clasp. Width, 1£ inch. Haida Indians 

(Skittagetan stock), British Columbia. 20251. Collected by James G. Swan. 
The Haida Indians are the most practiced silversmiths of the northwest coast. 
Bracelet. — Made of a silver coin, forged with a hammer. Without ornaments and 

without clasp. Width, f s inch. T'lingit Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska. 

19515. Collected by James G. Swan. 
Bracelet. — Made of a silver coin, and ornamented with the totemic drawing of the 

bear. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British 

Columbia. 20251. Collected by James G. Swan. 
The Haida Indians are the best sculptors and the most expert silversmiths 

of the coast. 

Napkin ring. — Made of silver, with the head and wings of the American eagle engraved 
on it. Diameter, L} inches; width, If inches. Haida Indians (Skittagetan 
stock), British Columbia. 20257. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Bracelet. — Made of a silver coin, forged with the hammer. Ornamented with 
engraved totemic drawings. Fastened around the wrist with a clasp. Width, 
If inches. T'lingit Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska. 19532. Collected by 
James G. Swan. 

The silver bracelets have replaced those of iron, copper, bone, and shell, which 

the Indians of the northwest coast formerly used. 
Bracelet. — Made of a silver coin; ornamented with the totemic drawings of the 

bear. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British 

Columbia. 20251. Collected by James G. Swan. 
Bracelet. — Made of copper with incrusted shells. Width, f inch. T'lingit Indians 

(Koluschan stock), Fort Wrangel, Alaska. 19529. Collected by James G. Swan. 
Bracelet. — Made of a silver coin, forged with the hammer. Ornamented with totemic 

engravings. Secured around the wrist by a clasp. Width^f inch. T'lingit 

Indians (Koluschan stock), Alaska. 19541. Collected by James G. Swan. 
Bracelet. — Made of a silver coin, forged with the hammer. Ornamented with totemic 

engravings. Secured around the wrist by a clasp. 21603. Collected by Dr. J. 

B. White, U.S.A. 

Smoking set. — It is composed of four pieces : Pipe with a long wooden stem, engraved 
and painted, and a catlinite bowl ; a buckskin tobacco bag, magnificently orna- 
mented with embroidery of beads and with buckskin fringes dyed yellow; a 
buckskin bag, containing the flint and a piece of tinder, and a pricker (for 
cleaning the pipe), which is placed in a case embroidered with beads, and which, 
together with the tinder bag, is tied to a belt. Sioux Indians, Dakota. 8181, 
131327-8. Collected, by J. P. Kimball and Mrs. A. C. Jackson. 

Gloves. — Made of buckskin, stuffed and lined with cloth, and ornamented with 
embroidery of beads. Length, lOf inches; width, 5 inches. Sioux Indians, 
Devils Lake Reservation, Dakota. 23741. Collected by Paul Beckwith. 

Tobacco bag. — Made of buckskin and ornamented with bead embroidery. Length, 
7f inches; width, 3J inches. Yankton Indians (Siouan stock), Yankton Reser- 
vation, Dakota. 8393. Collected by F. W. McGuire. 



176 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Bag. — Made of buckskin, ornamented with bead embroidery and buckskin fringes. 

Length, 16 inches; width, 6£ inches. Sioux Indians, Devils Lake Reservation, 

Dakota. 23747. Collected by Paul Beckwith. 
Purse.— Made of buckskin, ornamented with bead embroidery and tin rings. Length, 

3£ inches; width, 3£ inches. Sioux Indians. 113348. Collected by Mrs. A. C. 

Jackson. 

Ornament for the ankle. — Made of the skin of the American skunk, tanned, and orna- 
mented on the inside with sacred red painting. Used by the medicine men. 
Length, 40 inches; width, 4 inches. Ojibwa Indians (Algonkian stock), White 
Earth Reservation, Minnesota, 1891. 153026. Collected by Dr. W. J. Hoffman. 

Magic purse for maidens. — A weasel skin. Ojibwa Indians (Algonkian stock), White 
Earth Reservation, Minnesota, 1891. 153047. Collected by Dr. W. J. Hoffman. 

Armlet. — Made of hide. It is worn just above the elbow. Used only by the medi- 
cine men. Length, 36 inches; width, 2\ inches. Ojibwa Indians (Algonkian 
stock), White Earth Reservation, Minnesota, 1891. 153027 (b). Collected by Dr. 
W. J. Hoffman. 

Armlet. — A strip of red flannel; it is worn just above the elbow. Used only by the 
medicine men. Length, 54 inches ; width, 2-£ inches. Ojibwa Indians (Algonkian 
stock), White Earth Reservation, Minnesota, 1891. 153027 (a). Collected by 
Dr. W. J. Hoffman. 

Purse. — Embroidered with brass ; made of red flannel. The front and back of the 
purse . are ornamented with bead embroidery, forming beautiful figures. The 
sides are trimmed with bright blue and green ribbons. On the edges are sewed 
bands of beads, from which hang small tassels of twisted yarn. Length, 16 
inches; width, 1L} inches. Chippewa Indians (Algonkian stock), White River 
Reservation, Minnesota. 129889. Collected by Lieut. H. M. Creel, U. S. A. 

This purse belonged to Wild Goose, a Chippewa chief. The Chippewas are 
celebrated for their skill in bead embroidery. 

Case XL 

Fishing line. — Made of the stem of the Alga marina gigantea. The stem is about 
-g- inch thick, and greatly resembles a grapevine stem. It is very tender, and 
breaks easily when dry, but when soaked in water it increases greatly in 
volume and becomes extremely tough. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), 
Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, 1883. 88869. Collected by James 
G. Swan. 

The Alga nfttrina gigantea grows in the water at the depth of 3 to 30 fathdms. 
(A fathom is equal to 6 feet.) Near the root it is about i inch in diameter, and 
is very strong. As it grows it expands and grows hollow from about half of its 
height. At the end it has a large, hollow bulb, from which issue long, narrow 
leaves. The Indians cut this plant with a knife made in the shape of a V, at the 
end in which the cutting edge is fixed. This implement is placed over the plant, 
and is allowed to slide to the bottom. By drawing hard on the cord which 
holds it the plant is cut near the root. The hard part of the stem is the only 
part that is used for fishing lines. Bottles for holding oil are made of the bulb. 

Lasso. — Made of light and chestnut buffalo hair. Thickness, about £ inch. Coman- 
che Indians (Shoshonean stock), Fort Cobb, Indian Territory. 6922 (b). Col- 
lected by Dr. ^idward Palmer. 

Lasso. — Made of braided buffalo hair. Thickness, about £ inch. Comanche Indians 
(Shoshonean stock), Fort Cobb, Indian Territory. 6922 (a). Collected by Dr. 
Edward Palmer. 

Lasso. — Four strips of hide plaited in a round form. Articles for trading transac- 
tions. Indians of Round Valley Reservation, California, 1889. 131150. Col- 
lected by A. J. Purcell. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 177 



Awl. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. Ornamented with several bauds of parallel lines 
engraved around it. It has a ball carved on the end of the handle. Length, 
9£ inches; width, f inch. Eskimo of Paimut, Alaska. 38378. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Awl. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. The handle, is ornamented with two sets of 
engraved circles, between which there is a figure resembling an X. On the end 
of the handle there are two balls, one above the other. Length, 6£ inches; 
diameter, f inch. Eskimo of Cape Vancouver, Alaska. 37751. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Awl. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. The handle is ornamented with engraved figures of 
a shape resembling a diamond, and with many circles and crosses. The head of a 
fish is carved on the end of the handle. Length, 7 inches; diameter, finch. 
Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Alaska. 24451. Collected by Lucien M. Turner. 

Awl. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. Ornamented with lines engraved from the top to 
the bottom, extending to within 3 inches of the point. Length, 9 inches ; width, 
finch. Eskimo of Norton Sound, Alaska. 33257. Collected by E, W. Nelson. 

Awl. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. The end of the handle represents a fish, near 
which it has a set of parallel lines.engraved around it, and many short vertical 
lines, and among them many signs or figures of the form of an X. Length, 8£ 
inches; width, \ inch. Eskimo of Paimut, Alaska, 37988. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson . 

Awl. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. The handle is ornamented with four sets of 
parallel lines engraved around it and diagonals over them and other short per- 
pendicular lines at the point. The end of the handle has the shape of the tail 
of a fish. Length, 8 inches ; diameter, £ inch. Eskimo of St, Michaels Island, 
Alaska. 24449. Collected by Lucien M. Turner. 

Awl. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. The handle is ornamented with a series of parallel 
lines engraved around it. An ivory chain hangs from the end of the handle. A 
part of the last link of the chain is carved in the form of the tail of a fish. 
Length, 9 inches; diameter, f inch. Eskimo of Lower Kuskoquwim, Alaska. 
36631. Collected by E. W. Nelson/ 

Awl. — The point is of iron, the handle is of walrus-tusk ivory, carved in the form of 
a fish. Tufts of hair are fixed in some holes bored in the back of the fish. 
Length of the handle, 2| inches ; length of the blade, 3£ inches. Eskimo of Cape 
Vancouver, Alaska. 37304. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Awl. — The point is of irou. The handle is of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented with 
three sets of engraved borders. On the end of the handle are two ornaments, 
placed one above the other; the first is of the shape of the spindle, and the sec- 
ond of that of a ball, ornamented with a great number of dots. Length of the 
handle, 3| inches ; length of the blade, 3| inches. Eskimo of Chalitmut, Alaska. 
37621. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Awl. — The blade is of iron. The handle is of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented with 
engraved lines, borders, and dots. A chain curved out of ivory hangs from the 
end of the handle of the awl. Length of the handle, 2% inches ; length of the 
point, 1£ inches. Eskimo of Chalitmut, Alaska. 37752. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson. 

Awl. — The point is of iron. The handle is of walrus-tusk ivory, carved to represent 
a fish, ornamented with engraved borders, dots, and lines. Length of the handle, 
3f inches ; length of the point, 3-£ inches. Eskimo of Nulokhtologomute, Alaska. 
38385. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Stone hammer. — The head is round; the handle a sapling, covered with hide. The 
head has a hole bored in it, in which the handle is inserted. It is used for 
pounding meat, breaking bones, driving tent pins, etc. Length, 13 to 15-J- inches. 
Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 
152996. Collected by James Mooney. 

H. Ex. 100 12 



178 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 

Pestle. — Used for pounding meat which has been dried in the sun until it is in a con. 
dition to he pulverized. This pestle is placed in a hide case. Length, 5£ inches. 
Kiowa Indians ( Kiowan stock ), Kiowa Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891- 
153004. Collected by James Mooney. 

Hammer. — The head is of wood; the handle is of hide. It is used for break- 
ing bones, pounding wild cherries, etc. Length of the head, 5 inches; length 
of the handle, 5f inches. Cheyenne Indians (Algonkian stock), Cheyenne and 
Arapahoe Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152812. Collected by James 
Mooney. 

Barbed harpoon and sheath. — The shaft is of wood, and is joined to the foreshaft, 
which is of bone, by a fastening of cord of sinew. The dart is inserted in the 
bone, and has two barbs cut at the point. The sheath is composed of two exca- 
vated pieces of wood, fastened together by a cord of sinew. Length of the har^ 
poon, 13 inches; length of the sheath, 4£ inches. Eskimo of Ugashik, Alaska, 
1885. 127763. Collected by William J. Fisher. 

Spear points (4) and sheath. — The shafts are of wood. The blades are of iron, inserted 
in the handle, and secured by whalebone fastenings. The sheath is of hide. 
Length, from 15 to 18 inches. Eskimo of Port Clarence, Alaska. 46078. Col- 
lected by Dr. W. H. Dall. 

It is used for killing whales, walrus, etc., after they have been wounded and 
caught, and also as a dagger. 

Dagger and sheath. — The handle is of wood, with a hilt made of a piece of stag horn, 
which is fastened to the handle with a ligature of hide and sinew. The blade 
is of copper, and is inserted in the hilt and secured by a rivet. The sheath is 
composed of two hollow pieces of wood, fastened strongly together by a 
sewing of seal skin. Length of the dagger, 10^ inches; length of the sheath, 
7f inches. Eskimo of Nunivak Island, Alaska. 16356. Collected by Dr. W. H. 
Dall. 

Dagger and sheath. — The upper part of the handle is of wood, the lower is of stag 
horn. The blade is of iron and is secured by a rivet. The sheath is composed 
of two pieces of excavated wood, strongly fastened together by a hide sewing. 
Length of the handle, 9-f inches; length of the blade, 2| inches. Eskimo of 
Nunivak Island, Alaska. 16360. Collected by Dr. W. H. Dall. 

Spectacles. — Made of spruce pine painted red, and the ends rubbed with graphite. 
The eyepieces are separate and are oval and concave, and have horizontal slits 
to look through. Ornamented with white and red beads. Length, 7£ inches; 
width, 2 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Alaska. 24339. Collected by 
L. M. Turner. 

The natives use these "goggles" to guard against the blindness produced by 
the snow and against the ophthalmia caused by the reflection of the sun on the 
mist which rises from the snow during thaws. 

Spectacles.— Made of light wood. They are of a very convex shape, and have no 
visor. The holes for the eyes are very large, and are probably arranged for 
placing in ttiem dark-colored lenses. Length, 5£ inches; width, 2 inches. 
Eskimo of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. 63269. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Spectacles. — Made of light wood, without a visor. They have a cavity for the nose 
toward the top and toward the bottom, in order that the apparatus may be used 
indiscriminately on either side. A simple horizontal cut serves for both eyes; 
they have no fastening. Length, 5J inches; width, L} inches. Eskimo of Nor- 
ton Bay, Alaska. 44329. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Spectacles. — A broad visor characterizes this apparatus. The orifices for sight were 
at first separate, but the wood having split, the two halves are joined together 
by little pegs. The spectacles are of a graceful shape, which permils their being 
well adjusted to the nose and the cheeks. Length, 6 inches; width, 2£ inches. 
Eskimo of Sledge Island, Alaska. 45075. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 179 



M Spectacles. — Made of damaged wood, covered with a double strip of canvas, to which 
les ' are glued little pieces of glass placed in such a way that they come in front of 

the eyeholes in the wood. Length, 8 inches; width, 3 inches. Eskimo of 
Diomede Island, Alaska. 63626. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 
l H Spectacles. — Made of wood ; a sphere, without a visor. The eyeholes are cut in the 
$ exact shape of the eye. A rough, nose-shaped bridge is glued to the outside, 

and there is a slight cavity on the inside for the nose. Length, 6£ inches ; width, 
2 inches. Eskimo of Sabotnisky, Alaska. 48996. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 
Spectacles. — Made of spruce pine. This apparatus is characterized by a narrow visor, 
■ft,! an elliptical hole for the two eyes, and a cavity for the nose. Secured by hide 

strips. Crude specimen. Length, 6£ inches; width, L} inches. Eskimo of the 
a- Lower Yukon, Alaska. 38704. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

«• Sheathes for knives (2). — One is of tanned leather; the other of rawhide. The men 
use them. Length, 19^ inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), Kiowa Reserva- 
tion, Indian Territory, 1891. 152977. Collected by James Mooney. 
«L Cases for knives. — Made of tanned leather ornamented with brass-headed tacks. The 
le, men use them. Length, 10, 13, and 16 inches. Kiowa Indians (Kiowan stock), 

Kiow a Reservation, Indian Territory, 1891. 152891. Collected by James Mooney. 
Needlecase. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. A small chain made of the same material 
hangs from the end. Length, 9 inches. Eskimo of Cape Darby, Alaska. 44173. 
Collected by E. W. Nelson. 
«, Needlecase. — It consists of a copper tube, through which passes a strip of hide in 
Je which the needles are stuck. A small chain made of ivory hangs from the end. 

Length, 16 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Norton Sound, Alaska. 24467. 
1 Collected by L. M. Turner. 

li, Needlecase. — It consists of a tube of walrus-tusk ivory, through which passes a strip 
i, of hide in which the needles are stuck. Two ivory pendants hang from each end 

of the strip of hide. Length, 16 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Norton 
ig Sound, Alaska. 24493. Collected by L. M. Turner. 

i Thimble and needles. — The thimble is of walrus skin, and is used on the thumb. The 
g, needles are of ivory, and have eyes made in the same way as the needles among 

)f civilized nations. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 89395. Collected by Lieut. 

P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

e, Needlecases (2). — Made of tubes of walrus-tusk ivory, through which pass folded 
t8 strips of hide in which the needles are stuck. The tubes have ornaments of 

s; blue beads. Length, 8 inches; diameter, § inch. ' Eskimo of Mackenzie River, 

y British America. 2088. Collected by R. McFarlane. 

Needlecase. — Made of a tube of carved ivory, through which passes a strip of hide 
y in which the needles are stock. From each end of the strip of hide hang two 

knife-shaped pieces of ivory, which are used for creasing the soles of the boots. 
Length, 12 inches. Eskimo of St. Michaels Island, Norton Sound, Alaska. 
24494. Collected by L. M. Turner. 
Trinket box. — A small oval box, carved out of wood. The hinges and the fastening 
are of rawhide. Length, 4 inches; width, li inches. Eskimo of Cape Nome, 
Alaska. 45348. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 
Trinket box. — Carved out of wood and ornamented with inlays of ivory. Length, 
4| inches; width, 2 inches. Eskimo of Nunivak Island, Alaska. 43878. Col- 
lected by E. W. Nelson. 
Trinket box. — Made of wood. The box and the lid are carved in the shape of a 
walrus. There are ornaments of incrusted blue beads on the lid. Length, 7 
inches; width, 2£ inches. Eskimo of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. 63267. 
Collected by E. W. Nelson. 
| Trinket box. — Carved in wood in the shape of a huiaan head. Ornamented with 
white glass and ivory beads. The upper part is painted red and the lower 
black. Diameter, 3 inches. Eskimo of Kushunuk, Alaska. 36280. Collected 
by E. W. Nelson. ' . 



180 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Trinket box. — The top and bottom are carved out of wood. The sides are of birch; 
bark. Length, 3 inches ; width, 1\ inches. Eskimo of Chaliniut, Alaska. 36279. 
Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Box for keeping spear and harpoon points. — The entire box is made of a single piece 
of wood, carved in the shape of a boat. Length, 9f inches ; width, 2£ inches. 
Eskimo of Nunivak Island, Alaska. 58253. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Box. — Made of a single piece of wood, carved in the shape of a walrus. It is used 
for keeping harpoon points. Length, 9£ inches; width, 2\ inches. Eskimo of 
Cape Nome, Alaska. 44458. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Case for fancy work. — Made of a single piece of wood, painted red, and ornamented 
with engravings. Grooved lid. Length, 1\ inches; width, If inches. Eskimo 
of Cape Nome, Alaska. 45514. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Babbit clubs. — They consist of a curved branch or a flat strip of wood, worked from 
a branch, resembling the boomerang, and are used for killing rabbits and other 
game. The rough sort consists in a branch naturally curved, and there are all 
grades from this to the flat painted club with a worked hand grip. Moki and 
Zuni Indians of Arizona and New Mexico. 69202-446-508-525, 41980, and 84258. 
Collected by James Stevenson and Victor Mindeleff. 

Slings (5). — They consist of a piece of tanned hide folded equally, and having for 
cords strips of leather. They are used for killing small game. Indians of Cal- 
ifornia and New Mexico. 

Slings (4). — Of the same kind as the preceding. Eskimo of St. Lawrence Island, 
Alaska. 63256-515 and 46016-17. Collected by E. W. Nelson and Dr. W. H. 
Dall. 

Bird bolas. — Composed of 4 oval pieces of wood, attached to short strips of hide 
joined together at the ends. They are used for hunting waterfowl. The balls 
are thrown at the flock of birds when they fly up, and some of them are struck 
and knocked down by the implement. Eskimo of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. 
63259. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Bird bolas. — They consist of eight pieces of ivory carved in the shape of the heads 
of various animals. The balls are attached to each other by long strips of hide. 
This implement is used for hunting waterfowl, throwing them at the flock of 
birds when they fly up, so that some of them are struck and knocked down. 
Eskimo of Point Hope. 63815. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Bird bolas. — They consist of four pieces of wood carved in the shape of an egg, 
attached to a bunch of quills by long cords of sinew. They are used for hunt- 
ing waterfowl. The balls are thrown at the flock of birds as they take flight, 
and some of them are entangled and brought to the ground. Eskimo of St. 
Lawrence Island, Alaska. 63258. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Bird bolas. — They consist of four pieces of bone of about the size of a hen's egg, 
attached to four braids of cord made of sinew. They are used for hunting water- 
fowl. The apparatus is thrown at the flock of birds as they take flight, and 
some of them are entangled and brought to the ground. Eskimo of St. Law- 
rence Island, Alaska. 63262. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Bird bolas. — They consist of four walrus teeth, attached to each other by long cords. 
They are used for hunting water hens. The projectile is hurled at the flock of 
birds as they take flight, and some of them fall to the ground entangled by the 
apparatus. Eskimo of Shaktolik, Alaska. 38404. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Club for killing sea otters. — Carved in the form of the animal itself. Haida Indians 
(Skittagetan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 88828. Col- 
lected by James G. Swan. 

Club for killing seals. — Carved in the shape of a walrus. Haida Indians (Skittagetan 
stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 88824. Collected by James 
G. Swan. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 181 



Club for killing seals. — Carved in the shape of a walrus. Haida Indians (Skittage- 
tan stock), Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 88980. Collected by- 
James G. Swan. 

Block— Made of walrus-tusk ivory. It is used for handling the cords of the sails 
of the boats. Length, 1^- inches; width, £ inch. Eskimo of Sledge Island, 
Alaska. 44753. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Block. — Made of very bright walrus-tusk ivory. It is used for handling the cords 
of the sails of the boats. Length, If inches; width, | inch. Eskimo of St. 
Lawrence Island, Alaska. 63370. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Detacher, or disentangler. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. It is used for facilitating the 
handling of cords of the harpoon. Length, If inches; width, % inch. Eskimo 
of Kushunuk, Alaska. 37053. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Disentangler. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. It is used for facilitating the handling 
of the cords of the harpoon. Length, If inches; width, f inch. Eskimo of 
Sabotnisky, Alaska. 49009. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Disentangler. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. One end is carved in the shape of the 
head of a bear. It is used for facilitating the management of the cords of the 
harpoon. Length, If inches ; width, f inch. Eskimo of Askinuk, Alaska. 37056. 
Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Disentangler. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory. It is used for facilitating the manage- 
ment of the cords of the harpoon when they become tangled or twisted, or when 
it is desired to change the harpoon-head. Length, 2 inches; width, | inch. 
Eskimo of Chalitmut, Alaska. 38006. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Guide.— Made of walrus-tusk ivory, ornamented with engraved circles. It is used 
for preventing the two cords of the line from becoming entangled. Length, 1£ 
inches ; width, \ inch. Eskimo of Kushunuk, Alaska. 37087. Collected by E. 
W. Nelson. 

Guide. — Made of walrus-tusk ivory, carved in the form of a bear. It is used for 
preventing the two cords of the line from becoming entangled. Length, 1£ 
inches; width, $ inch. Eskimo of Paimut, Alaska. 37218. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson. 

Seal drag. — Composed of a hide strap, attached to a handle of walrus-tusk ivory, on 
which two seals' heads are carved. It is used for towing the dead seals. 
Length, 8 inches. Eskimo of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. 33663. Collected 
by E. W. Nelson. 

Seal drag. — Composed of hide cord, attached to a handle of walrus-tusk ivory. Just 
at the end ths handle has a hole to pass the strap through. It is used for towing 
the dead seals. Length, 14| inches. Eskimo of Point Barrow, Alaska. 89469. 
Collected by Lieut. P. H. Ray, U. S. A. 

Seal drag. — Composed of a hide strap, attached to a handle of walrus-tusk ivory, 
carved in the shape of a seal's head. It is used for towing the dead seals. Length, 
14 inches. Eskimo of Cape Darby, Alaska. 44153. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Seal drag. — Composed of a hide strap, attached to a handle of ivory carved in the 
form of a seal. It is used for towing the dead seals. Length, 11 inches. Eskimo 
of Cape Nome, Alaska. 44579-80. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Hook for workbag. — A small piece of walrus-tusk ivory, with ornaments, at intervals 
of about an inch, of five small pieces of wood set into the ivory with engraved 
circles around them. A small hole in the ivory serves to give passage to the cord 
with which the bag is closed. Length, 5£ inches; width, f inch. Eskimo of 
Chalitmut, Alaska. 37616. Collected by E. W. Nelson. 

Baskets. — Made of strips of spruce-pine root, dyed vine and fern stalks. These bas- 
kets are a magnificent demonstration of the dexterity in weaving and of the 
artistic skill of the Indians of the northwest coast of North America. Makah 
Indians ( Wakashan stock), Washington. Collected by Lieut. F. W. Ring,U. S. A. 



182 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Braided baskets.— Not finished; showing the process of braiding; the twigs dyed by 
the Indians and used in the manufacture of basket work. Moki Indians, Ari- 
zona. 128711. Collected by Mrs. M. E. Stevenson. 

Woven, twisted, and braided basket work. — Baskets in a state of elaboration, displaying 
the method of making the three principal kinds of coiled basketry. 

Materials for the manufacture of baskets. — Exhibit of the elaboration of the basket, 
from the raw material to its complete form; the implements used by the basket 
makers; baskets in various stages of elaboration, and coiled baskets. Moki 
Indians (Shoshonean stock), Arizona. Collected by James Stevenson. 

Basket of birch bark. — Fancy embroidery, with dyed quills. Micmac Indians (Algon- 
kian stock), Nova Scotia, Collected by R. B. Hough. 

Basket work —Twined sieves and winnowing trays of the southwest of the United 
States Ute Indians (Shoshonean stock), Utah and Nevada. Collected by Maj. 
J W.Powell. 

Double wallets .—Made of grass, neatly trimmed and festooned with thick braid; 
ornamented with colored wools. Aleut Indians (Eskimauan stock), Aleutian 
Islands, Alaska. Collected by Dr. W. H. Dall. 

Belt-weaver's equipment. — The cotton is stretched on a bed of sand, and is vigorously 
beaten with a flexible rod to card it ; it is spun very fine with a spindle, and is 
used for the manufacture of belts, blankets, etc., of superior quality. Moki 
Indians (Shoshonean stock), Arizona. Collected by James Stevenson. 

Apparatus for comminuting cedar bark. — Consisting of a breaking frame, an imple- 
ment for comminuting the bark, and a woman's skirt. 

The giant cedar (Thuja gigantea) grows along the whole Pacific Coast of North 
America, and in southeast Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. 
The development of all the industries among the natives of the countries men- 
tioned is due to the wood and bark of this tree. 

The bark is torn from the tree in pieces, as is done by our tan-bark gatherers, 
with the rib bone of a deer, to which implement is given the name of "bark 
stripper." One side of this implement is used for marking and splitting the 
sections and the other for severing the piece from the trunk. 

The comminuted bark is used for manufacturing stuffs for petticoats and 
other articles. It is prepared by putting a strip of inside bark in the wooden 
frame, No. 127868, and it is broken to pieces with a wooden or bone implement. 
The bark is then softened by rubbing it between the hands. Usually, packages 
or bundles are made of it, and it is sold by weight. It is used for clothes, mat- 
tresses, etc. 

Ornaments for petticoats. — Made of long strips of frayed cedar bark, united by a cord, 
and with a cotton fringe at the bottom. Length, 17 inches. Quinaielt Indians 
(Salishan stock), Quinaielt Agency, Washington Territory, 1887. 127867. Col- 
lected by Charles Willoughby. 

Equipment of weaver of rush mats. — Consisting of rushes, needles, bark fiber, and 
creasers for flattening the seams. Quinaielt Indians (Salishan stock), Chehalis 
County, Washington Territory, 1887. 127812-52-73. Collected by Charles 
Willoughby. 

Models and photographs.— Showing the processes employed by the Navajo Indians of 
Arizona for tanning skins. 129436. Collected by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, U. S. N. 

Tanned buckskin. — Showing the result of the processes employed for tanning skins 
in the southwest of the United States. Navajo Indians (Athapascan stock), 
New Mexico. 9548. Collected by Dr. Edward Palmer. 

Navajo shoemaker's utensils. — Consisting of needles, awls, specimens of sewing and 
of finished shoes, and the published description. (Proceedings of the United 
States National Museum, 1888, p. 131.) Navajo Indians (Athapascan stock), 
Arizona. 128112-16. Collected by A. M. Stephen. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



183 



Gatherers of cactus fruit. — Nippers, books, holders, and cutters for gathering the 

fruit of the cactus (chumbo tig). Indians of Arizona, Now Mexico, and Mexico. 

9971, 22535, and 12G577. Collected by James Stevenson and Edward Palmer. 
Hoes of mussel shells. — These primitive agricultural implements were found in the 

hands of a band of Yacqui Indians, at the mouth of the Yacqui River, in Sonora, 

Mexico. 129845. Collected by Edward Palmer. 

Exhibit Outside of the Cases. 

Kiowa Indian woman ( figure of a woman ).— Algonkian stock. Oklahoma, Indian Ter- 
ritory- Modeled by Theodore A. Mills. The dress was collected by James 
Mooney 

Kiowa Indian warrior {figure of a man). — Algonkian stock. Oklahoma, Indian Terri- 
tory. Modeled by Theodore A. Mills. The dress was collected by James Mooney. 

Sioux Indian woman (female figure). — Siouan stock. Missouri River. Modeled by 
U- S- G.Dunbar. 

Sioux Indian warrior (male figure). — Siouan stock. Missouri River. Modeled by 
Theodore A. Mills. The dress belouged to Red Cloud, a celebrated chief, and was 
collected by Lieut G. A. Warren, U. S. N. 

'zuni Indian (male figure). — Zunian stock. NewMexico. Thehead was modeled from 
life by Clark Mills. The dress was collected by James Stevenson. 

Eskimo man. — Reindeer coat and pants, trimmed with white skins. Seal skin boots 
and bearskin gloves. Eskimo (Eskimauan stock), Prince William's Laud. Col- 
lected by Capt. C, F. Hall. 

Photographs of Indians. — Representing 85 different tribes of the majority of the 
stocks still in existence. This magnificent series of 1,300 photographs is the 
result of the work of many years of collection by the United States Geological 
Survey and Bureau of Ethnology, and supplements, with the aid of the photogra- 
phy, the famous galleries of Indian -portraits, painted by George Catlin and 
Stanley. A portion of this collection forms a section in the Northeast Saloon. 
Exhibited by tha Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Lithographs of celebrated Indians. — This series of 130 lithographs is taken from 
MacKenney and Hall's Indian Tribes. These pictures form a section in the large 
saloon. Exhibited by the National Museum. 

Feed wigwam. — These wigwams are constructed by erecting a number of uprights in 
a circle, and inclining them until they meet at the extremities, which are fastened 
together by strong ligatures of bark fiber. Above the uprights are placed many 
horizontal layers of small saplings, which are covered with rushes attached to 
other layers of saplings smaller than the first, and which are tied together by 
cords on the inside. The horizontal layers leave an opening between two 
uprights, which serves as an entrance, and which is closed by a door of elk hide. 
The chimney is constructed in such a way that the wind can not drive back the 
smoke. The fireplace is in the center and the beds are around the sides of the 
wigwam upon an earthen bank. Piute Indians, Nevada. 19027. Collected by 
Stephen Powers. 

Eskimo seal hunter in his skin boat. — The boat (kyak) is built with great care. The 
frame is of wood, over which is stretched a seal skin saturated with oil. There 
is a hollow space in the deck, with a raised border, and in this the hunter seats 
himself, dressed in an inner coat of skins and an outer one made of the intes- 
tines of the walrus, thoroughly waterproof, and carrying a short paddle. As a 
projectile, he has a harpoon, with the shafts used in hurling it, cord, and buoy, 
which he keeps fastened to the boat until the moment arrives when he has to 
make use of them. This "kyak" is an extremely unsteady and light boat, but 
the Eskimo is capable of undertaking any navigation whatever when embarked 
in it. Eskimo of St. Michaels, Norton Sound, Alaska. Collected by E. W. Nelson, 



184 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Canoe of birch bark, — Manned by two Algonkian Indians, occupied in fishing with the 
harpoon. They wear dresses of buckskin, with painted figures imitating 
embroidery. In fishing with the harpoon it is necessary that a fisherman should 
guide the canoe in accordance with the orders of the one who handles the har- 
poon. The canoe is made of a large piece of birch bark, attached to a wooden 
frame; the seams and holes are calked with spruce-pine rosin. These canoes 
are very light and of a graceful form. Two men can carry one of them 
on their shoulders for a stretch of many miles, which they do at rapids. 
The canoe exhibited was constructed by the Algonkian Indians of Canada. 

Cradle. — A wooden frame bent in an oval form, having the ends tied with diagonal 
ligatures of bark fiber. A mattress and blanket of pounded bark fiber are 
attached to the frame by a fringe of woven wool. Tne hood for the protection 
of the head of the infant is a willow texture. Mojave Indians (Yuman stock), 
Colorado. 152489. Collected by Geo. A. Allen. 

Cradle. — Frame made of walnut staves, in the shape of a crutch, having the ends 
ornamented with brass-headed nails. The cover is of buckskin, ornamented 
with a great profusion of white and colored beads and with ribbons. Arapahoe 
Indians (Algonkian stock). Collected by Capt. R. H. Pratt. 

Cradle. — Made of willow switches, in the form of a shoe. A light half basket of 
willow switches serves as a parasol to it. Hupa Indians (Athapascan stock), 
California. Collected by Stephen Powers. 

Cradle. — The frame is a piece of wood bent in an oval shape, supported by transverse 
bars. The bottom of the cradle is composed of twenty-one wooden rods fast- 
ened to the frame between the thick bars by thread made of sinew. The hood 
is of hide covered with calico. The bed articles consist of two mattresses of 
cotton, placed on a thin sheet of tin. The infant is supported by bolsters made 
of woven belts. The cradle has two arches to protect the infant's head and a 
transverse piece of wood to support the feet. Length, 3 feet. Wichita Indians 
(Caddoan stock). 152944. Collected by James Mooney. 

Cradle. — Made in the form of a boat, out of a hollowed cedar trunk. It has a handle 
at one end. The bed is composed of pounded cedar fiber; the counterpane is of 
woven cedar bark. Inside of the cradle there is a wooden model of an infant, 
showing the process for flattening the head with a special apparatus, which is 
also seen in the cradle. Indians of Oregon. 2574. Collected by George Catlin. 

Helmet. — Crowned with a sculptured beaver. The figures painted on both sides 
represent sheets of copper, emblems of fortune and power. Skedan Indians, 
British Columbia. 89035. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Helmet. — Carved in wood in the form of a bear and painted. The teeth and tongue 
are imitated with sheets of copper. It is worn on the head in the dances. 
Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), British Columbia. 89144. Collected by 
James G. Swan. 

Helmet. — Carved in wood in the form of a fish and painted. The lips are of copper. 

This helmet is used in the dances. Haida Indians (Skittagetan stock), British 

Columbia. 89054. Collected by James G. Swan. 
Mask. — Imitating a fabulous marine monster. Made of pieces of wood cut with an 

adze and painted. Used by the actors in the ceremonies called " dances/' Maka 

Indians (Wakashan stock), British Columbia. 23949. Collected by James G, 

Swan. 

Wooden figure. — Of cedar, painted. Indians of the northwest coast. Collected by 
James G. Swan. 

Totem post (model). — Carved out of a cedar trunk. The sculptured figures are 
painted in bright colors. Model of the " totem post" which is erected in front 
of the houses of all the chief men of the tribe. Indians of Bella-Bella, British 
Colombia. 74743. Collected by James G. Swan. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 185 



Sculptured totem post (model).— Of cedar, painted. The sculpture of this trunk may- 
hare been made in commemoration of some entirely mythological event, or, us 
is commonly said in heraldry, to show the genealogy of the family before 
whose dwelling the pillar was erected. Some of these pillars are of great dimen- 
sions, and are beautifully carved, by dint of great labor. Indians of Bella-Bella, 
British Columbia. 74744. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Council house. — The wood which is used for these structures is the giant cedar; they 
are built with great care, by the combined efforts of many laborers; usually the 
whole village lends its cooperation. The erection of the first upright is always 
an occasion for holding great festivities. The front is ornamented with paint- 
ings representing some legendary date and that of the inauguration. Indians 
of British Columbia. Collected by James G. Swan. 

Snoivshoes. — Bent sole, raised at the point; three transverse bars; netting of fine 
thread of twisted sinew; middle portion of thick seal-skin straps, interwoven. 
Length, 59 inches. Eskimo of the Yukon River, Alaska. 49099. Collected by 
E. W. Nelson. 

Snoivshoes. — Oval and curved wooden sole, with two wooden braces which cross the 
shoe and are rabbeted into the sides, dividing the shoe into three equal parts. 
The network is of fine rawhide. A small strap serves to tie it on. Length, 32|- 
inches ; width, 28 inches. Eskimo of Ungava Bay, Labrador. 90149. Collected 
by Lucien Turner. 

Snoivshoes.— Oval and curved wooden sole, strengthened by a toe piece and two 
transverse braces. The network is a texture of fine rawhide. The straps are 
of hide, embroidered with painted quills. This kind of snowshoe is used by the 
experienced Canadians. Quebec, Canada. 24788. Collected by G. R. Renfrew. 

Snoivshoes. — Curved sole, raised at the point; three transverse braces. Strap of fine 
thread of twisted sinew. Network of thick seal-skin straps, interwoven. Length, 
59 inches. Eskimo of the Yiikon River, Alaska. 49099. Collected by E. W. 
Nelson. 

Provision basket (djelo). — Warp of pine roots and the weft of split twigs, and joined 
together by twined weaving. The twine work is covered with fine straws of 
bright colors, forming figures. The upper edge of the basket is strengthened by 
a wooden hoop. Height, 3 feet ; diameter, 28 inches. Hupa Indians, California, 
1889. 111433. Collected by Jeremiah Curtin. 

After these baskets are made they are filled with hot, wet sand, in order to 
give them a good shape. They are placed against a wall, on a bank of earth, 
in the semi-subterranean houses of the Hupa Indians, and are filled with acorns for 
the winter's provisions. As many as twelve baskets may be seen in one house. 

Coiled basket. — Made of bunches of small twigs joined by coiled sewing. The bot- 
tom is of a single spiral, and the body of the basket is a double coil formed by 
carrying two coils around simultaneously. It is ornamented with small strips 
of black Martynia pod. All the colors of this basket are natural. Made by an 
Apache Indian, of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona. This is the largest 
specimen of basket work that this tribe has made and probably the largest in the 
world. Height, 3 feet 6i inches ; depth, 30 inches. San Carlos, Arizona. Col- 
lected by Mrs. Charles Dodge. 

Mexican feather shield (copy in water colors and gilt). — The original is in the castle 
of Ambras, in the Tyrol, where it was discovered, in the year 1891, by Mrs. 
Zelia Nuttall, of Dresden, Germany. 

Mrs. Nuttall made tbis copy for the Smithsonian Institution, and described it 
in a writing which she presented to the American Association at Washington, in 
August, 1891. Catalogue number, 153192. United States National Museum. 

Pictograph. — Representing a battle between the Sioux and Arickara Indians ; painted 
on cloth by a Sioux Indian. Collected by Mrs. General Hazen. 



EXHIBITS OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 



EXHIBIT OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. 

MAP OF THE ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF NORTH AMERICA. 

This map shows the distribution, according to languages of the North American 
Indians exclusive of Mexico at the time of Christopher Columbus. This map has 
been in preparation by the Bureau of Ethnology for a number of years. The fol- 
lowing is a list of the principal tribes, classified by families according to language 
as displayed on the map : 
Adaizan family (Texas) : Adai. 

Algonquian family (in the east of the United States and Canada): Abnaki, Algon- 
quin, Arapako, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Cree, Delaware, Kickapoo, 
Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Missisaga, Montagnais, Mohegan, Narraganset, - 
Ojibwa, Ottawa, Pequot, Pottowotomi, Powhatan, Sac and Fox, Shawnee. 
(23.) 

Athapascan family (northwestern Canada) : Kutchin, Slave, Taculli, Hupa, and the 
various tribes of the Apache, Chippewyan, Dog Ribs. Hares, Nahanies, Navajo. 
(10.) 

Attacapan family (Texas) : Attacapa. 
Beothukan family (Newfoundland): Beothuk. 

Caddoan family (Louisiana) : Pawnee, Arikara, Wichita, Keechi, Caddo, (5.) 
Chimakuan family (coast of the State of Washington) : Chimakum, Quile Ute. (2.) 
Chimarikan family (coast of California): Chimariko, Chimalakwe. (2.) 
Chimmesyan family (coast of British Columbia) : Chimsian, Nass. (2.) 
Chinookan family (coast of the State of Washington) : Cathlamet, Chinuk, Clatsop, 
Wasco. (4.) 

Chitimachan family (Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana) : Chitimacha. 

Chumashan family (coast of California) : Indians of San Buenaventura, Santa Bar- 
bara, and San Luis Obispo, Cal. (3.) 
Coahuiltecan family (Texas) : Comecrudo, Cotoname, Pacaos or Pintos. (3.) 
Copehan family (coast of California) : The Patwin and Wintu tribes of California. (2. ) 
Costanoan family (coast of California) : Costano. 

Eskimo family (on the northeast coast of the ocean): Aluik, Jvimiut, Narsuk, 
Taterat, of Greenland ; Itivimiut, etc., of Labrador ; Aggomiut, Negumiut, etc , of 
the central Arctic region ; Chigiit, Ikogmiut, Kuagmiut, Oglemiut, Unaligmiut, 
etc., of Alaska, and the Atka and Unalaska, of the Aleutian Islands. (14. ) 

Esselenian family (coast of California) : Esselen. 

Iroquois family (Atlantic Coast) : Cherokee, Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, 

Seneca, Tuscarora, Wyandot, Iroquois. (9.) 
Kalapooian family (coast of Oregon) : Atfalati, Calopooya, Lakmiut, Yoncalla. (4.) 
Karankawan family (Texas) : Karankawa. 

Keresan family (New Mexico) : Acoma, Tochiti, Laguna, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Santo 

Domingo, Sia. (7.) 
Kiowan family (Wyoming and Nebraska) : Kiowa. 

Kitunahan family (Idaho and British Columbia): Cootenai, Akokiako, Klanoh- 
Klatklam and Tobacco Plains Cootenai. (4.) 

187 



188 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



Koluschan family (coast of British Columbia): Auk, Chilcat, Hunah, Kek, Sitka, 

Taku, Yakutat, Tungas. (8. ) 
Kulauapan family (coast of California): Ball6 Kai Porno, Chawishek, Erio, Eriissi, 

Kaim6, Kai Porno, Komacko, Kulanapo, Sok6a, Yokaya Pomo, Yusal. (11.) 
Kusan family (coast of Oregon) : Coos Bay tribes, Mulluk, and Nacu? (3.) 
Lutuamian family (coast of California) : Klamath, Modoc. (2.) 

Mariposan family (coast of California) : Chukaimina, Chunut, Kassovo, Kiawetni, 

Tachi, Tinlinneh, Wichikik, Wiksachi, Yukol. (9. ) 
Mosquelumnan family (coast of California) : Miwok^ Olamentke. (2.) 
Muskhogean family (Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi): Chata (Choctaw), Chicasa, 

Creek or Maskoki proper, Seminole, Yamassi. (5.) 
Natchesan family (Louisiana): Nah'tchi (Natchez) and Taensa. (2.) 
Palaihnihan family (coast of California): Chumawa, Hant6wa, Ilniawi, etc., of Pit 

River, California. (3.) 
Piman family (southern Arizona and Mexico) : Opata, Pima, Papago. (3.) 
Pujunan family (coast of California): Konkau, Kwatoa, Otaki, Pusuna, Wima, 

Yuba. (6.) 

Quoratean family (coast of California) : Ehnek, Karok, and Pehtsik. (3.) 
Salinan family (coast of California): Indians of San Antonio and San Miguel Mis- 
sions, California. 

Salishan family (Idaho, Oregon, British Columbia) : Atnah, Bellacoola, Chehalis, 
Clallam, Cowlitz, Nisqualli, Pent d'Oreilles, Puyallup, Salish, Shooswap, Skagit, 
Skokomish, Snohomish, Spokan, Tillamook, Twana. (16.) 

Sastean family (California) : Saste. 

Shahaptian family (Columbia River, Oregon and Washington) : Clickatat, Chopun- 
nish Umatilla, Walla- Walla. (4.) 

Shoshoneau family (Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, California, L T tah, Wyoming, Colorado, 
New Mexico, and Texas) : Bannock, Chemehuevi, Comanche, Pai Ute, Shoshoni, 
Uta, Tusayan (Moqui). (7.) 

Siouan family (Canada, Montana, Dakota (North and South), Wyoming, Minnesota, 
Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Indian Territory, Arkansas) : Santees, Sisse- 
tons, Wahpetons, Yanktons, Tetons, Brules, Blackfeet, Ogalallas, Assinaboines, 
Omahas, Poncas, Kaw or Kansas, Osages, Quapaws, Iowas, Otoes, Missouris, Win- 
nebagoes, Mandans, Gros Ventres, Crows, Tuteloes, Biloxi, Catawba, Woccon, 
Sioux, Croro, Hidatsa. (28.) 

Skittagetan family (British Columbia) : Tribes of Queen Charlottes Islands, etc. (2.) 

Takilman family (Oregon) : Takelma. 

Tan oan family (New Mexico) : Hano, Isleta, Jemez, Namb6, Picuris, Pojoaque, Sandia, 

San Ildefonso, San Juan, Santa Clara, Senecu, Taos, Tesuque. (13.) 
Timuquanan family (Florida): Timucua, Moscoso, etc. (extinct) (2.) 
Tonikan family (Mississippi) : Tonika. 
Tonkawan family (Texas) : Tonikawa. 
Uchean family (South Carolina) : Yuchi. 

Waiilatpuan family (State of Washington) : Kayus, Molale. (2.) 

Wakash an family (coast of British Columbia) : Ahowsaht, Muclaht, and Haeltzuk. (3.) 

Washoan family (California) : Washo. 

Weitspekan family (coast of California) : Mita, Weitspek, Chillula. (3.) 
Wishoskan family (coast of California) : Wishosk, Weeyot, Patawat. (3.) 
Yanan family (coast of California) : Yana or Nozi. 

Yakonan family (coast of Oregon) : Alsea, Yakwina, Kuitc, Siuslaw. (4.) 

Yuma proper, Mojave, Havesupai, Hualapai, Seri. (7). 
Yukian family (coast of California) : Chumaya, Napa, Yuki. (3.) 
Yuman family (southwestern Arizona and Lower California) : Cochinii, Cocopa, 

Cuchan or Yuma proper, Diegneno, Havasupai, Maricopa, Mohave, Seri, Wai- 

curu, Walapai. (10.) 
Zunian family (New Mexico): Zuni. (1.) Total, 58 families. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 189 



PRECOLUMBIAN MINING AND STONE WORKING IN THE UNITED STATES 

OF AMERICA. 

Collections made by Mr. W. H. Holmes, from seven large mines and quarries, exhib- 
ited by the Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution. .J.W.Powell, 
director. 

This collection was presented after the close of this exhibition to the Spanish 
Museo Arqueologico by the Bureau of Ethnology. 

Primitive quartzite quarries (suburbs of Washington, District of Columbia): The 
aborigines worked this very extensive quarry to procure the rounded quartzite 
pebbles, of which, when chipped into thin, oval pieces, they made various- 
implements. The excavations extend over many acres, and the residue from the 
work is considerable. Little was done in the quarry itself, only the formation 
of the rough blanks, which were carried elsewhere to be worked into implements. 
There is therefore not much to be found at the site of the quarry except the 
waste or <; rejects," from the work of which remains have been found in all 
stages of completion, so that we have a complete line of forms, from the natural 
pebble with one chip removed to the leaf almost finished, which line is repre- 
sented by many broken blades which were left in the quarry. These are 
exhibited in the lower line. All the leaf-blades which turned out well were carried 
away. The photographs are correctly labeled and may be studied in detail. 

Remains of chipped pebbles, abandoned at the beginning of the work. 

Remains of blades well advanced in working. Two specimens. There is little 
difference between them. 

Blades which turned out well, removed from the quarry, but yet similar. Found 
on the sites of villages near the quarries. 

Various implements made of the quarry blades and found on the sites of villages, 
and widely scattered over the country. 

Remains of knives of leaf form abandoned in various stages of completion. 

Blades of quartzite, abandoned on the eve of completion. 

Blades of quartzite, broken on the eve of completion. Section of an ancient 
quarry, with debris, C 2 C 2 . Stratum of stones, B, B. 
Primitive flint quarries (Ohio) : The ancient flint works of Licking County, Ohio,, 
are the most noted of the primitive quarries. A very good quality of flint for 
chipping into blades could be obtained from a thick stratum covered by a high 
ridge close to Licking River. The ancient pits and ditches are large and numer- 
ous, and cover a little more than a square mile of territory. The w r ork was in 
nearly the same state as that of other quarries where similar material was found. 
Little was shaped on the spot, except the rough outline of the blades, the- 
residuum from which is found in inexhaustible quantities. The series of speci- 
mens illustrates the whole range of the abandoned forms, and by means of the 
photographs may be learned the nature of the blades which turned out well, 
and the various forms which were made from t'hem. 

Rejects of blades abandoned at the start, and when half finished. 

Rejects of blades abandoned in an advanced stage of completion. 

Well-finished blades found on sites of villages in the vicinity of the quarries. 

Implements differing from the quarry blades, found on sites of villages dispersed 
widely in the State of Ohio and the neighboring States. 
Primitive novaculite quarries (Arkansas) : These, so far as is known, are the most 
extensive of all the flint quarries of America. The stone is found in massive 
strata which form the crests of the mountain chains, and these quarries have 
been worked by the quarriers for many miles. Many of the pits and trenches 
are very large, measuring more than 100 feet in length or diameter, and about 
25 feet in depth. The quantity of broken, loose, and wasted stone abandoned is 
enormous, and thousands of stone hammers and blocks which were used in 
working the quarries are found on these sites. The work of shaping did not- 



190 COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



extend beyond roughly outlining knives in the form of leaf-blades, pictur3s of 
which are in the collection of photographs. The blades which had turned out 
well were carried away to be utilized in various ways. 

Photograph No. 1 represents a series of blades, and No. 2 the particular imple - 
ments which were found on the sites of villages and in the neighboring fields. 

Quarry refuse which was abandoned in various stages of manufacture into blades. 

Stone hammers which were used in breaking and extracting the novaculite. 

Blades made in the quarry, and dressed in the neighboring villages, but not 
different. 

Various quarry implements made of blades found on sites of villages, and of 
which there is a considerable distribution over the country. 
Primitive chert quarries (Indian Territory): These quarries are especially interest- 
ing from the nature of their stone. It is a whitish, massive chert, found in 
strata of many feet in depth, and so homogeneous that very large implements 
can be made from it. The deposits of quarry refuse on the spot indicate that 
here, as elsewhere, the principal articles made were blades, the largest of which 
were 15 or more inches in length. A series of rejects of manufacture is exhib- 
ited in the collection, and the photographs display very fine specimens belong- 
ing to the Bureau of Ethnology. The explanations may be read on the labels 
of the photographs. Stone hammers and articles in the form of a pebble are 
placed in the lower row. 

Rejected articles of medium size, abandoned at the beginning of their manufacture 
into knives of leaf shape. 

Rejected articles, large and small, abandoned at the beginning of their manufacture 
into knives of leaf shape. 

Refuse of the leaf-shaped knives, half finished. 

Refuse of the leaf-shaped knives in an advanced stage of manufacture. 
Refuse of leaf-shaped knives, almost finished. 

Stone hammers which were used in breaking and flaking the chert. 
Quarry residuum, abandoned in various stages of manufacture into blades. 
Refuse of pebbles. 

Stone hammers which were used in flaking the chert. 
Primitive steatite quarry (suburbs of Washington, District of Columbia) : There are 
many steatite quarries from one end to the other of the eastern slopes of the 
Appalachian range of mountains. The pits are not large, seldom more than 25 
feet in diameter, and 6 feet in depth. The rock is soft, but very compact, and 
when it hardens can not be worked without great difficulty. Nos. 1 to 12, frag- 
ments of bowls, partly finished, from the quarry and the adjacent villages. The 
finishing was not done in the quarries. Nos. 13 to 20, implements of quartzite, 
diorite, etc., used for removing and cutting the steatite. Tbe largest specimens 
had handles, and the small chisels were probably fixed on bone handles. 

Quarry and workshop refuse of bowls or pots left unfinished. 

Tools, picks and gouges, which probably had handles when they were used in 
extracting and cutting the steatite. 
Primitive copper mines (Royal Island, Lake Superior, Michigan) : Implements Nos. 
1 to 11, mauls made of large stones rounded by the water, from the shore of Lake 
Superior. Some are grooved for applying handles, and almost all had probably, 
when they were in use, some variety of handle. The largest weighs 20 pounds. 
They are found in great numbers in and near the ancient pits, thousands of them 
being seen at a glance. They were used for breaking the rock in which the cop- 
per was concealed, and for extracting the masses of native copper. Specimen 
No. 12, native copper and portions of the rock containing it. There is no evidence 
that the copper implements were made at or near the quarries. 

Stone mauls which were used far breaking the rock and extracting the lumps of 
copper. 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 191 



Pieces of copper, and rock containing copper. 

Section showing ancient pits and the distribution of lumps of copper. 

Stone hammers and mauls found in a ditch 3 feet wide, crossed by an ancient pit 
20 feet in diameter and 10 feet deep. 

Section of an ancient pit containing heads of mauls. 

Exhibit of rubbish from an ancient pit containing heads of stone mauls. 

Quarry of sacred stone for pipes (Minnesota) : The quarry of red stone for pipeo 
is situated in the southwest of Minnesota. In the ancient pits are found many 
stone hammers and mauls, which are an evidence that this work was performed 
in prehistoric times. The quarry has been worked uninterruptedly up to the 
present time, and the Yankton Sioux make a journey of 200 miles every year to 
work in it. The Indians manufacture and sell pipes, and make a considerable 
revenue by selling the rough material to the whites, who manufacture many 
articles of it. The stone slab for pipes is about 12 inches thick, and the work 
on it requires much time and labor. The collection contains a quantity of pieces 
of the red stone for pipes, and specimens of the hammers which were used in the 
prehistoric quarry. 

Fragments found on sites of workshops and dwellings. 

Hammers and mauls which were used in extracting and breaking the pipestone. 
Red quartzite which was used for making hammers, picks, and sharpeners. 
Pipes made of red stone, now in the United States National Museum. All the above 
materials for the study of the ancient quarries were collected by W. H. Holmes. 



VURKISH HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. 

The manuscript is illustrated with colored maps and drawings. 

A third of this manuscript treats of the discovery of America and gives a succinct 
sketch of the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus from a Moslem point of 
view. Certain political events give rise to the supposition that this manuscript 
was written in A. H. 977; that is to say, in 1569-70 A. D. The work was printed in 
Constantinople in 1730. A copy of it exists in the library of the School of Oriental 
Living Languages at Paris and another in the Hodgson collection of the United 
States National Museum, Washington, D. C. Collected at Constantinople in 1891, 
and exhibited by Dr. Cyrus Adler, United States National Museum. 

DRAWINGS. 

I. (F. 17.) The tree " wak wak," with women instead of fruit. Discovered in an 
island of the Bay of Bengal. 
II. (F. 45.) Manati, or sea cow, found in the West Indies. 

III. Manatls, or sea cows, of Darien (F. 55) ; probably tapirs. 

IV. The "man fish," found in Tobago. (F. 57.) 

V. Birds of the Moluccas, whose flesh is supposed to possess medicinal virtues 

when prepared with spice and cinnamon. 

VI. Duck, black swan, and monster pelican (F. 65 op.), which "swallows three 

babies at one gulp." 

VII. The cochineal cactus. 

VIII. Wild bull and stag of America, (F. 86 op.) 
IX. The city of Potosi and its mountains of silver. 

X. Jaguar, ant-bear, and a rare animal which has a natural seat on its body. 
XL A sloth, resting on the trunk of a tree, and a maritacaca, with its young. 
XII. The cacao (F. 104). " Cures almost all diseases.'' 
XIII. Various trees of the New World. 



192 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 



MAPS AND DIAGRAMS. 

F. 6. Diagram of the equator and the poles. 
F. 11. Diagram of the zones. 
F. 34. Map of the Old World. 
F. 35. Map of the New World. 
The inaps of the two worlds form a single one. 



EXHIBIT OF THE UNITED STATES INDIAN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL 
FOR THE EDUCATION OF ADULT INDIANS, CARLISLE, PA., 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ESTABLISHED IN 1879. 

Number of pupils, 812; male, 492; female, 320. Number of tribes represented, 43. 
Total of pupils admitted to date, 2,187. Duration of instruction, five years, or more 
in necessary cases. Voluntary assistance of half a day in the school, and the other 
half in the workshop. 'Official expenses, $100,000 a year. Occupations and trades 
taught in the Industrial School : Cooking, sewing, washing, nursing, teaching, bak- 
ing, blacksmithing, carpentry, belt making, shoemaking, wagon making, tinning, 
tailoring, cabinet making, dairy work, gardening, agriculture, printing. Education 
jn all branches of industry, exclusively in the English language. Superintendent, 
R. H. Pratt, captain in the Tenth Regiment of Cavalry of the United States Army. 



EXHIBIT OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

MODEL OF THE UNITED STATES SHIP-CF-WAR COLUMBIA, EXHIBITED 
BY THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

So named in honor of Christopher Columbus, and built in 1892, to commemorate 
the fourth centenary of the discovery of America. 

The ship is presented in broadside, with its exact proportions and with all its most 
minute details. 

This model was constructed expressly to be exhibited at this exhibition. 

United States Three-Screw Cruiser Columbia. 

Length over all - 

Greatest beam 

Average draft 

Lanzamiento on the main deck 

Displacement 

Indicated horse power 

Maximum velocity 

ARMAMENT. 

Principal battery. — One 8-inch breech-loading rifle, two 6-inch rapid-fire guns, 
eight 4-inch rapid-fire guns. 

Secondary battery. — Twelve 6-pounder rapid-fire guns, four 1-pounder rapid-fire 
guns, four gatling guns, five torpedo tubes. 

ARMOR. 

Protected deck : 

Waist inches.. 4 

Forward and aft do 2-£ 

redoubts. 

Four 4-inch rapid-fire guns, two 6-pounder rapid-fire guns. 



416 ft. 3 in. 
58 ft. 2i in. 
23 ft. 
17 ft. 

7, 550 tons. 
23, 000. 
22 knots. 



> BP 2 6 1 



COLUMBIAN HISTORICAL EXPOSITION AT MADRID. 193 



EXHIBIT OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. 

Skull of a Nisqually Indian chief, Puget Sound, Washington. The flattening is 
extraordinary. 

Skull of a Peel River Indian, Fort McPherson, Arctic America (Jukkuthkutchin). 

From Mr. R. Kennicott's collection. 
Skull of a Pawnee Indian, near Fort Harker, Kansas. Presented by Dr. B. E. Pryer, 

surgeon, U. S. A. 

Skull of an Arapahoe Indian warrior, from Fort Larned, Kansas. Presented by Dr. 

W. H. Forwood, assistant surgeon, U. S. A. 
Skull of a Ponka Indian, from Fort Randall, Dakota. Presented by Dr. A. J. 

Comfort, assistant surgeon, U. S. A. 
Skull of a Piegan Indian, of the Blackfeet Nation. Killed near Fort Shan, Mon- 
tana. Presented by Dr. F. L. Jown, surgeon, U. S. A. 
Skull of a California Indian, from Santa Rosa Island, California. From Rev. 

Stephen Bowers's collection. 
Skull of a Brule Sioux Indian, from Beaver Creek, Nebraska, 4 miles north of Camp 

Sheridan, Nebraska. Presented by Dr. W. H. Corbusier, assistant surgeon, IT. S. A. 
Skull of a Wahpetou Sioux Indian, from near Fort Sisseton, Dakota. Presented by 

Mr. A. Geeks, hospital steward, U. S. A. 
Skull of a Nez Perce Indian, from Bear Paw Mountain, Montana. Presented by 

Dr. David S. Snively, assistant suTgeon, U. S. A. 
Skull of an Eskimo of Alaska, from the northwestern extremity of St. Lawrence 

Island, Bering Sea. From Mr. E. W. Nelson's collection. 
Skull of an Alaskan Eskimo, from the northwestern extremity of St. Lawrence 

Island, Bering Sea. From Mr. E. W. Nelson's collection. 

In the same case are seen " composite" craneographic photographs, with the 

apparatus for making them, and a collection of craneographic outlines, taken 

with the craneoscope. 

H. Ex. 100 13 



